LOVE MANAGEMENT PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LOVE MANAGEMENT PLANNING - Essay Example It analyses situations within and those surrounding the organization that can help achieve or hinder the achievement of its targeted goals and objective. Here is an illustration of the planning functions of BP’s management. In line with the organizational mission and objective, the management has realized the need for the company to provide environmentally friendly sources of energy (Fredrick, 2006). Thus, the company has a targeted goal of increasing Liquid Petroleum Gas, which is least pollutant to the environment. Since this alone may not help achieve the profit prospective of the company, jet fuel processing needs to be increased, as it is less environmental pollutant, as compared to diesel, kerosene, and petrol. The management has evaluated and found this move to be worthwhile, since most Energy providing company are involved in the other most pollutant fuels. Therefore, the management decision for this New Year is to increase the facilities for LPG and Jet fuel processing, while minimizing those foe diesel, kerosene, and petrol. However, this comes with increased costs, since the refinement of crude oil into LPG and Jet fuels requires more time and specialized facilities. The increased cost of production will be met by the company’s increased market for LPG and Jet fuels, through signing new contracts to supply Airlines and LPG supplier companies. The new project is implementable as a pilot project in ten countries within the next two years. This will help the management assess whether the move is worth for the company to make. It is during this period that the new strategy of the company will be monitored and evaluated, after which the project will be implemented full, once it proves successful. Many factors have influenced the performance of the management. The legal issues such as increased taxation on the products that the company produces have had the effect of reducing the profits of the company (Fredrick, 2006).

William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay Julius Caesar shows that people respond to power and glory in different ways. Discuss. William Shakespeares Julius Caesar has a strong focus on the response that various characters display to power and glory, and how and why this response may vary between them. Shakespeare shows contrast in response to superiority heavily throughout the text, and explains that peoples retaliation to it will always differ. Where focus for some, lies in the attainment and holding of power, others prefer a view of conserving Romes traditional government system. Contrast is seen strongly in characters views of Caesars death, and also in their opinions of the preceding events and Caesars gain of power. Despite these differing factors, all characters are portrayed to have some kind of lust for power, and intention to gain authority over citizens. These qualities are seen most strongly across the protagonists of the story: Caesar, Brutus, Cassius and Antony. Throughout the text, characters claim to oppose Caesars rule for the pure reason of conserving the traditions of Romes government and heritage, but some developments strongly suggest the ulterior motive of desire for power. The idea of [Romes] wide walk [encompassing] but only one man is daunting to Cassius, and he particularly portrays this throughout the play, joined by Brutus, claiming that the assassination of Caesar brings them peace, freedom and liberty. However, opposing this, Cassius states that he was born as free as Caesar and thus is equally deserving of power, implying envy or resent toward the omnipotence Caesar achieves. Brutus stands by his intention, emphatically signifying his part with the conspirators was not that [he] loved Caesar less, but that [he] loved Rome more. Brutus feels as though Caesars leadership would negatively impact Rome and the good that Roman citizens have achieved. In contrast, Caesar and Antony both claim that Caesars rule would be positive for Rome. Antony, as a strong supporter, stands by Caesar and claims that Caesar does have love for Rome, and would never have put the fate of Rome in danger. Although he states this verbally much later in the play, this is seen through Antony presenting the crown to Caesar upon his return to Rome from defeating Pompey. Caesar himself believes that he is worthy to rule Rome, and wants to gain the trust and support of the Roman citizens. He begins to do this by rejecting the crown when offered it, knowing that many people would be unhappy with the  acceptance of the crown, and the subsequent ending of the Republic, however it is evident that his intentions may change. When told to attend the Senate as the crown is going to be offered to him again, Caesar eagerly takes this opportunity, implying his desire. Although he is for the good of Rome, he still has intention to go against the system of government in place for omnipotence. Upon Caesars assassination, the opinions of many characters is shown to vary strongly, and this becomes increasingly evident as the text continues. Antony instantly ridicules the reasoning of the assassination, saying that he was not ambitious in the sense of gaining supremacy, as he was thrice presenteda kingly crown and he did thrice refuse, posing his said ambition to be questionable. This is a sign of his tranquility toward power and those who have acquired it, contrasting with Cassius, who feels it is unruly for Caesar to bestride the narrow world as the sole leader of Rome, and sees that this is fair reason for Caesars assassination. Cassius here appears to have desire for power, and to use Toward the conclusion of the text, upon taking their own lives, both Cassius and Brutus formally verbalise their views of their intentions in Caesars assassination, but they also have differing responses to what they have done. While Brutus seems to show regret over killing Caesar, Cassius seems bitter about Caesars death, with the claim that Caesar was revenged by Cassius suicide, as if to entitle him with the blame for his death. Brutus seems regretful, as he states that Caesar was killed with half so good a will than himself, saying that he is more deserving of death, and bidding Caesar to be still in his death. The protagonists views on the assassination drive forward the strong ambition they show to attain power themselves, and their feelings toward those who are in power. Opinions of Caesars success are heavily contrasted between the storys protagonists to emphasise how they see glory and fame, particularly comparing Antony and Cassius. Their views oppose each other, with Antony strongly supporting the success and rise of Caesar, where Brutus claims that Romans as underlings should be striving to go against Caesars reign, and change the way Caesar is leading. Antony focuses strongly on Caesars  leadership as a positive part of Romes society, and the love Caesar displays to the people. He signifies this by thrice [presenting Caesar] a kingly crown, and telling the people of Rome of Caesars great feats. Although the main contrast lies here, both Brutus and Caesar himself have their own opinions, both of which somewhat contrast with the views of Antony and Cassius. Brutus responds to Caesars reign by questioning Caesars character, and pondering the idea that Caesars crowning might change his nature, implying that he may become a worse person because of it. Caesar himself has a positive response to his gain of power, but soon it seems as though power soon goes to his head, and he begins to make rash decisions that regard the people of Rome more harshly. Each protagonist has a different approach to Caesars reign, and each character responds to his rise in their own individual manner. The segregation of opinions in regards to power and glory is contrasted in itself by each characters shared desire for power. This element of the text is seen at some times more strongly than others, as characters portray their emotions through private and public thoughts differently, and express more in what they think privately. Cassius, although seemingly for the good of Rome is described by Caesar to [have] a mean and hungry look, implying that he has desire for power, which is also seen through the implication of his bitterness and envy of Caesar when he claims that he was born as free as [him]. Brutus is probably the least power hungry of characters, although he still does desire power and fortune, as he claims he would not have it so with Caesar a ruler, yet he still [loves] him well. Antony seems to want the attention and respect of people in the assembly of Roman citizens more than legitimate power over them, and uses his public speaking and persuasive skills to achieve this, with his repetition of the phrase: Brutus is an honourable man to condescend and degrade him. Caesar is the most power hungry of them all, although does not seem it in his rejection of the crown. He wants men about [him] who are fat in the sense of knowledge, and content with the power they have, as he does not want anyone stealing his power from him. Each protagonist shares this lust for glory and prestige, and each in a sense gains some triumph throughout the text. Although there is a shared desire to obtain and hold power, the characters Shakespeare portrays in Julius Caesar depict the differing responses that many characters can have to the power they have, or the power those around them have emphatically. They may share some aspects of their reactions, or portray it in a similar sense, but overall, the characters views and opinions vary heavily throughout the text. Each aspect of the response characters have is seen in all four, but in each it opposes, as seen through the choices and reflections that characters portray.

The Crusades Essay -- essays research papers

The Crusades A major turning point in Medieval history were the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of wars fought between the Christian Europeans and the Muslim Turks, which occurred between the years of 1096 to 1272. In this Holy War the Christians goal was to obtain the Holy Land from the Turks, in which they did not succeed. Although the Christians did not meet their goal, many positives did come out of their attempt. Due to the reason that they did not meet their goal, yet numerous positives came out of their effort, many refer to this as a successful failure. A main cause of the Crusades was the treatment of Christian pilgrims. They were robbed, beaten, and then sold. The main group of Turks, the Seljuk Turks, were threatening and growing in power. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexus I, began to become worried and sent out an urgent plea to Pope Urban II, in Rome. He requested for Christian knights to help him fight the Turks. Pope Urban II did agree to his appeal although Byzantine Emperors and Roman Popes were longtime rivals. He also did agree with Alexus I, in fearing that the Turks were expanding. Pope Urban encouraged French and German Bishops and Nobles to also take part in this. â€Å" An accused race has violently invaded the lands of those Christians and had depopulated them by pillage and fire.† This is when Pope Urban II called for a crusade to free the Holy Land. Urban did agree to this having some of his own motives in mind. He was hoping his power would grow in ...

Develop Health & Safety and Risk Management Policies Essay

Understand the current legislative framework and organisational health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices that are relevant to health and social care or children and young people’s settings. 1 Explain the legislative framework for health, safety and risk management in the work setting. This question is asking you to explain the health and safety policies that are in place within your setting, discussing the policies relevance to legislation. Also discuss any risk management systems that are in place, again discussing their importance and reason for having them. 2 Analyse how policies, procedures and practices in own setting meet health, safety and risk management requirements. Discuss whether the policies in place in your setting conform with organisational practices and legislation. How could practices be improved? Outcome 4Be able to promote a culture where needs and risks are balanced with health and safety practice in health and social care or children and young people’s settings. 3 Evaluate own practice in promoting a balanced approach to risk management. Discuss how you personally promote risk management and whether this is effective. could you improve your performance in this area? If so, how? 4 Analyse how helping others to understand the balance between risk and rights improves practice. Discuss how you assist others to understand the balance between risks and rights. Why do you do this? How does it improve practice? Can you identify ways to improve this further? Outcome 5Be able to improve health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices in health and social care or children and young people’s settings. 2 Evaluate the health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices within the work setting. Similar to Outcome 1, Question 2. Discuss the health and safety and risk management procedures in place within your work setting, highlighting what is good practice and works well and what requires improvement. 3Identify areas of policies, procedures and practices that need improvement to ensure safety and protection in the work setting From Outcome 5, Question 2, use the areas that require improvement  to discuss why they need impro vement. 4 Recommend changes to policies, procedures and practices that ensure safety and protection in the work setting. From Outcome 5, Question 3, use the areas that require improvement and make suggestions on how these areas can be improved.

Learning Theories Essay

Analytical and Sequential Learning. The student learns through a step-by-step method. He works out a problem in stages. He uses logic in his initial analysis as he looks at every single angle of the equation like in Algebra. He does it in sequence. He is very detailed and has to understand the problem right from the start, before he moves on to the next step. A Power Point Presentation will not work out with the Analytical and Sequential learner because of his attachment to details. He is not likely to appreciate and learn from a very generalized and summarized presentation. He would rather finish with the first step only when he has fully understood it before he will move to the next step. 2. Visual Learning. In this style, the student learns from what he sees. His focus is primarily on the visual aspects of the method like written words and figures, colorful designs and charts. He has to see things first before he understands them through other means or medium. It would be slightly difficult for him to understand a lecture in itself without some sort of illustration of the lessons. A Power Point Presentation will appeal to the Visual type of learner because of the pictures and figures in it, for him to digest the lesson further and easier. 3. Auditory Learning. Auditory learners are those who assimilate things through what they see. They learn best from oral lectures and verbal discussion. They are not distracted by sounds, like music, when studying. They understand directions better when these are given verbally. They are adept at grammar and foreign language skills mostly from just listening. Power Point Presentations may be partly effective only because of the sound effects that jolt them into attention, before they can be expected to absorb the written part of the presentation. The Auditory learners are on the slow side with visuals and written concepts. 4. Kinesthetic Learning. The Kinesthetic learners are those who learn best through the use of their hands, or the learning-by-doing style. They are the physically active persons who can not stay put for long and who need to take breaks every once in a while. As sit down lectures are not for them, Power Point Presentations will not be an effective learning tool for them. They are the kinds who are more into the observation tours outside of the classrooms. References Fleming, G. (2009). Analytical and Sequential Learning. About. Com. Retrieved May 1, 2009 from http://homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/analytic. htm Fleming, G. (2009). Learning Styles. About. Com. Retrieved May 1, 2009 from http://homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/learningstyle. htm

British Dominion in India

British Dominion in India Introduction The Presence of the British in India can be traced back to the early Seventeenth Century. The entry can first be dated to the entry of Merchants from Britain. It is established that between 1601 and 1613, a British company, East India Company, arranged to take about a dozen voyages to India.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on British Dominion in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In effect, William Hawkins arrived in India and sought to be granted the permission to establish British presence in India. His wish was, however, not granted until two years later when Sir Thomas Roe managed to secure the much needed permission that allowed the British to establish their presence in India. Managing to maintain a tight grip on India was not going to be easy. Several factors led to British success to manage this domination for the first one hundred years. This paper will therefore attempt to delve into some of t he factors that enhanced Britain’s domination of India for its first one hundred years’ rule in India. Civilization It has been argued that thirst for civilization was what actually made the British to gain acceptance in India. Mahatma Gandhi observed that it was not the British who imposed themselves on India, but it was India which accepted the British. He actually observed that the presence of British in India was because Indians desired the modern civilization1. The British were more advanced in the modern civilization as compared to India. Gandhi found the elements of modern civilization that India modernists so cherished to include railways, conventional medicine, and even the British legal system. These lured the majority into believing that the British were well-meaning2. Gandhi therefore, decided to enlighten the populace much later that such elements of civilization were just meant to give material comfort to the people, which is not the only level that the m asses should be striving for.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More True civilization, according to Gandhi, required that the people gain control over their â€Å"mind and passions†. But looking at this conflict of the moment it can be easily concluded that the British must have dangled the carrot of good life, thereby making the Indians not to resist them for they were seen to be of great benefit to India. This point can be proven by the fact that it is only after the Indian populace were shown the other side of British rule by people like Gandhi that resistance started. For a long time the masses had no problem with the British rule. Economic Considerations The question of economic considerations as having led to British domination of India is a not only multi-faceted, but also controversial. The British had their economic interests in India, with the advent of the British East Company way back in 1611. The ruling Mughal emperors of India allowed the British entry replete with numerous privileges. Thus, the British controlled several aspects of the economy through this company. For instance the company, it was recorded, managed to benefit greatly from exports. But, with time, it metamorphosed from a trading company to gain other powers and roles. It could, therefore, do tax collection and other ruling duties on behalf of Mughal. It participated in military endeavors too. Many scholars feel that the proceeds from India are the ones that eventually expanded the British economy. There was indeed capital flight from India to Britain. On the other side, many have found that though Britain at first set out to build railway lines, canals and even cities in India, this was just intended to hoodwink the masses into accepting the British rule. This could be true since as the modern structures were only exclusive to the British administrators and settlers.Advert ising We will write a custom essay sample on British Dominion in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some researchers have concluded that economic impoverishment was another strategy that the British used to maintain a strong stranglehold on India for quite a long time. This happened and it has been established that the modernization of Britain happened around such a time3. Again, when people are impoverished they tend to develop a dependency which they may not wish to do away with4. This impoverishment could be the major motivation that informed the British strategy of not genuinely investing in India. It could also be the reason why the Viceroy of British India was unequivocally quoted saying, â€Å"India is the Pivot of our Empire, losses of any other part of the dominion we can survive, but if we lose India, the sun will have set†. From this assertion it can clearly be seen that Britain was not the one that was making I ndia survive, but actually the reverse was true. Therefore, it can be concluded here that the need to spur development at home may have even emboldened the British to maintain a tight grip on India for such length of time. Education The physical presence of the British in India was not quite significant. Yet, the British managed to maintain its influence for a very long time. One major contributing factor for this dominance was Western education. The kind of indoctrination that the British curriculum provided was that which impacted greatly on the psychology of learners. Its major target was to mould people who would become â€Å"model British subjects†5. In fact, most of those schooled in the system had acquired a type of indoctrination that was friendly to the British occupation. Indeed the British occupation maximized on this state of affairs to make maximum use of India labor and other resources.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the words of Thomas Macaulay, 1935, the purpose of this type of education was to produce an Indian by blood only while the rest of attributes including intellect and opinions would be English. To brainwash the Indian, a deliberate effort was made to underemphasize Indian culture. This was therefore done through orchestrated destruction of monuments and even books that enshrined rich Indian heritage. The Indian civilization was viewed with a lot of contempt despite pre-colonial records having recorded glowing tributes to India as a bastion of science and art. One such tribute was given by the Europeans who were there before colonization. For instance Pierre Sonnerat, who was a French naturalist, observed that India had some of the best antique collections and that people usually travelled long distances to draw from the well of knowledge that India abundantly was endowed with. Young minds were fed with the idea that India had no known civilization of its own. So, everyth ing was said to have come from invaders. By this, the Indian civilization was downplayed in Indian schools6. It has been a known fact that the Indian civilization greatly benefited the pre-colonial Europeans. This eventually led to European Renaissance. However the English only dwelt on brain washing the Indian learners that all that Indian civilization espoused was repugnant. The aim of this kind of instruction was to generate a docile learner who would believe that the English were symbols of what was ‘right’. This strategy did work as seen from the eventual long stay and grip that Britain had on India. But, the English masters, after having made some strides in propagating the type of ‘values’ they wanted imparted, discovered that Indians could still know their rich heritage through some of the material which still existed in Sanskrit language7. To handle this, the colonial masters developed a stratagem to learn and translate the material to conform to t heir aims. So, there eventually arose a situation where skewed translation was done to be compatible with the aims of colonial masters. There was also a deliberate effort to exclude local examples in learning material. All the principles taught were Eurocentric. For instance, the Indian student would not be exposed to remarkable Indian contributors such as Panini, Bhaskar and others, but they would be taught about notable westerners like Isaac Newton, Archimedes etc. They were also not exposed to great Indian writers like Jataka or even Panchatantra. Also, the literary theories that they were exposed to were all Eurocentric. Caste system The British had several strategies and one among them was the divide and rule strategy. Though the Indian society had its diverse elements like religion culture and even the caste system, the English capitalized and even made sure that these divisions were structured in such a way that they gained so much prominence8. Religion was a major target. Th e Indian society comprised of Hindu, Muslims and even Buddhists among others. The English therefore, designed strategies to alienate these diverse groups from each other. The society became fragmented. At one point this fragmentation has been claimed to account for the violent confrontations towards the last 25 years of British rule in India. Communities rose against each other and violence erupted9. Britain’s initial fear of Islam led to the blanket exclusion of all Indians from holding positions of authority in India. No Indian was therefore granted a position of influence. To further alienate the Muslims, official documents were done in Sanskrit or English, and not Urdu, which was associated with Islam. This alienated the Muslim elite from the day to day running of the state of affairs. Thus, no local language family would find its way into official matters. Further, the caste system added to this mix. The British structured the caste system. In fact the system dates back to pre-colonial times, many have viewed the British as having advanced it. This is because they classified everyone into caste, religion and even tribe. This made it possible for the English to wade off a united resistance, in case one arose10. This strategy worked well for it managed to divert the attention of Indians from social troubles such as state of the economy. War Instruments Faced with imminent revolt, the British had an organized force that was to be used to crush any dissent. For this to be achieved, legislation was passed so as in case the people labeled as extremists revolted, they would be adequately stopped in their tracks as the way the disturbances of the Punjab of 1919 were stopped. In fact, this situation did manifest itself in the massacre of about 400 unarmed Indians at Jallianwala11. Records show that in its effort to destroy Indian heritage, the British converted forts into military garrisons. There were numerous barracks that were constructed to replace thes e forts and other sites which initially had monumental significance. These places were converted beyond recognition. Loyalism The British, though with low significant numbers in India, managed to control India through a crop of loyalists in India. The nationalists were against the British but loyalists formed the group that countered these nationalists. The British thus relied greatly on this group to survive for a long time since it divided the cause of the nationalists. To achieve this, the British capitalized on the rivalries that were there between native rulers. The Indians Maharajas also gave the British the much needed support and loyalty. Another group that provided the much needed support was the new British educated intelligentsia12. Loyalism became a strong political force that the British used to extend its grip on India. The elites greatly feared the rule of the masses. Due to this, they preferred the British rule. The British on the other hand, reciprocated this unfett ering support by feting these loyalists. They rewarded these loyalist elements in society. The loyalists did not at all question anything that the British did. In fact the loyalists kept mum even as British transferred Indian wealth to Britain. One such loyalist was Sir Salar Jung who was the prime minister of the state of Hyderabad. He employed mercenaries on behalf of the British to handle a mutiny that occurred.. This Brute force to tackle the mutineers was just motivated by his loyalty to the British. In the end the British feted and praised him by referring to his support and contribution as â€Å"Priceless†. Conclusion The long stay of British in India has been a puzzle to many, considering the long time it took to maintain such grip. What is even amazing is that the British physical presence was not quite significant. However, all fingers point at shrewd strategy and the nature of India at that time. For instance British capitalized on the diversity of the Indian socie ty such as castes, religion, tribe and even political rivalry to achieve this end. All in all, the British stay in India forms an interesting study. Bibliography Cotton, James Sutherland and Payne, Edward John. Colonies and Dependencies. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1883. Desai, Akshayakumar Ramanlal. India’s Path of Development: A Marxist Approach. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1984. Riddick, John. The history of British India: a chronology. Pennsylvania: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books, 1993. Shiva, Vandana. India Divided: Diversity and Democracy under Attack. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005. Taher, Mohammed. Muslims in India: Recent Contributions to Literature on Religion. Philosophy History and Social Aspects. London: Anmol Publications PVT, 1993. Footnotes 1 Mohammed Taher. Muslims in India: Recent Contributions to Literature on Religion. Philosophy History and Social Aspects. London: Anmol Publications P VT, 1993, p. 67 2 Vandana Shiva, India Divided: diversity and democracy under attack. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005, p. 58 3 Mohammed Taher. Muslims in India: Recent Contributions to Literature on Religion. Philosophy History and Social Aspects. London: Anmol Publications PVT, 1993, p. 99 4 Vandana Shiva, India Divided: diversity and democracy under attack. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005, p. 79 5 Edward Said. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books, 1993, p 134 6 Vandana Shiva, India Divided: diversity and democracy under attack. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005, p. 112 7 John F Riddick. The history of British India: a chronology. Pennsylvania: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, p. 112 8 Sutherland Cotton,James and Edward John Payne. Colonies and Dependencies. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1883, p.68 9 Mohammed Taher. Muslims in India: Recent Contributions to Literature on Religion. Philosophy History and Social Aspects. London: Anmol Publications PVT, 1993, p. 154 10Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai. India’s Path of Development: A Marxist Approach. Bombay: popular prakashan, 1984, p. 76 11 Sutherland Cotton,James and Edward John Payne. Colonies and Dependencies. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1883, p. 98 12 Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai. India’s Path of Development: A Marxist Approach. Bombay: popular prakashan, 1984,p. 79

Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essays

Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essays Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essay Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essay Six old ages old, John frequently hits, bites and ache other kids when he is angry. He talks back to everyone including grownups. Sometimes, he swears in category. He has this I do non care attitude. A When he does non gets his manner he gets angry really rapidly, starts out by shouting and so starts hitting and seize with teething the kids. He is known as the kid who hurts other kids by hitting and seize with teething. He is besides ill-mannered for he swears. Therefore, none of the kids in the schoolroom privation to play with him. Bribery Tommy is coloring the apples printed on his mathematics book. Zoey comes along when she sees the instructor busy speaking to the other kids. She so asks Tommy to color the apples printed on her mathematics book. Tommy feels uncomfortable and is loath to make so, but Zoey bribe him by stating, if you colour for me, I will portion my tiffin and Sweets with you. Immediately, Tommy switches book and colours Zoey s mathematics book alternatively. Stealing The kids are in the schoolroom playing, when suddenly Charles starts running and demoing off his new ticker to the other kids. Everyone gathers around him to see his new ticker. Jodie feels unhappy as Charles is acquiring all the attending from the kids and besides the instructor. After eyeing Charles maintaining his ticker in his bag, Jodie surreptitiously walks to his bag and takes out his ticker without anyone looking. She puts it into her bag and continues to play. At the terminal of the category, Charles fails to happen his ticker, he starts to shout. The instructor asks who took Charles s ticker, but cipher dares to acknowledge. The instructor so checks every kids bag and merely to happen out that Jodie did a serious offense which is stealing. Common causes of aggressive and anti-social behaviour Frustration Attention seeking Bing territorial Definitions of the causes Frustration A feeling of irritation and an emotional response to fortunes where one is obstructed from geting at a personal end ( Frustration, 2003 ) . Attention seeking Desiring intervention or attending from people, particularly from the instructors ( Attentive, 2005 ) . Bing territorial An country of cognition or involvement ( Territorial, 2006 ) . Example of causes Frustration Children may be triggered and so gets frustrated when they are told to halt playing with their playthings. They may besides acquire defeated due to the fact that they have to analyze instead than play. Attention seeking Children may demo aggressive Acts of the Apostless if they are non being attended to. The instructor may be busy go toing to other kids and that may do the other kid to hold deficiency of attending which leads to hitting, seize with teething and aching other kids. Bing territorial Children may be given to acquire aggressive when their drama district is occupied by other kids or when other kids try to fall in them in their drama corners. Management Techniques/ Schemes Discuss appropriate and inappropriate behaviors When a kid is acting sharply towards the other kids in category, it is the instructor s function to happen schemes on how to get the better of such behavior. One of the ways to get the better of aggressive behavior in category is to discourse the appropriate and inappropriate behavior with the kids. Before the instructor decides to use this scheme, he must do certain that he is in a unagitated province and is able to discourse the kid s actions with the other kids in a diplomatic manner. During the category meeting, the instructor can besides explicate the effects of their actions. For illustration, the kids in the category may be afraid and garbage to play with the kids who are aggressive as they do non desire to acquire hurt. Besides, the instructor can learn the kids about empathy. The instructor has to seek to associate to the kids to allow the kids learn how to experience for their friends. For illustration, the instructor can inquire Ashley inquiries that allow her to set herse lf into others places and to experience what others feel, such as How make you experience if Brenda hits you? and Do you like it if other kids hit you? Provide alternate playthings and stimulation Another scheme to get the better of aggressive behaviors from go oning in category is to supply more alternate plaything and stimulation. Every kid loves to play with playthings. If the schoolroom has deficient playthings and stimulation for the kids to play with, it may do them to hold aggressive behaviors towards other kids. For illustration, Ashley hits Brenda to acquire the excess blocks from her because there are deficient blocks for Ashley to construct her house. Furthermore, when the kids are seeking to make something that is hard for their degree, they may run out of forbearance and lose their pique. Therefore, the instructor has to supply adequate playthings and different picks of playthings for kids to play to avoid them from acquiring bored or frustrated. It is besides the instructor s duty to watch out for marks and have deviating options ready to get the better of such jobs from go oning in the schoolroom. Script of the role-play Scenario: A group of kids are holding a free drama session. They are playing at different corners. Child A is an anti-social kid, who does non wish to play with other kids and prefers to hold lone drama. She likes to sit and play all entirely at one corner, off from the other kids. As Child A is playing entirely at one corner, she spots a cylinder-shape block, non far off from the group of kids. She decides to acquire up and take the cylinder-shape block. At the same clip, Child B spots the same block and decides to take it excessively. Both of them refuse to allow each other drama with the block. Both the kids so struggle to acquire the block but in the terminal, Child B got a clasp of it. Child A gets angry and she raises her manus to hit Child B on the shoulder really hard. Then, Child A snatches the block off from Child B and goes back to her corner to go on playing. The instructor witnesses the whole incident and attacks Child A. The instructor brings Child A towards Child B and has a talk with the both of them. The instructor asks Child A to apologise to Child B and explains that the both of them are incorrect to snap the block from each other. He lets Child A know that she should non hit Child B even when she does non acquire what she wants. Teacher: Ashley and Brenda, the both of you should larn to portion the plaything with one another. Both of you should larn to take bends. You should non hit your friends because it hurts. Child B nods her caput. Child B: Alright. Teacher turns towards Ashley. Teacher: Ashley, why did you hit Brenda? Ashley keeps quiet. Teacher: Ashley, do you like it if your friend hits you? Ashley keeps quiet for a minute and so, she shakes her caput. Child A: NoaˆÂ ¦ Teacher: Alright. You do non like your friend to hit you it because it hurts, right? Ashley nods mutely. Teacher: And if you keep hitting your friend, will she desire to play with you? Child A: No. Teacher: Would you wish that to go on? Child A: No. Teacher: I know that you like playing with blocks, but you have to larn to take bends to play with it, all right? Ashley nods once more. Teacher: Alright, the both of you shall take bends to play and portion the block. Now, who would wish to play with it foremost? Child A: Brenda can play with it foremost. Teacher hands the blocks to Brenda. Child B: Thank you. Both Ashley and Brenda return to their playing topographic point at the same time. Teacher comes out with a solution to forestall the kids from contending for the playthings by supplying sufficient playthings for all of them. Teacher will hold all the kids playing at different larning Centres at a clip. Each larning Centre will hold an indicant on how many kids can be at that place at a clip and the continuance the kids can be at that place. Teacher gathers all the kids together to explicate her solution. Teacher: Children, instructor has come out with a new system. During free drama, every one of you can travel to the Centres you choose to play in. But every Centre will hold a limited figure of kids playing at that place. Once a peculiar Centre is full, you will hold to wait for your bend to play at that Centre. There will be a list at the Centre for you to compose down your names. Every 10 proceedingss, we will hold a rotary motion and you shall travel to another Centre. All the kids nod their caputs. Childs: Yes, instructor! The kids went to the different Centres and follow the new system. The instructor assists the kids. List of group members and task carried out and character in the role-play Go Jen Yi Undertaking: Group treatment Fictional character: Child in the schoolroom Khoo Ze Syan Undertaking: Group treatment Fictional character: Child in the schoolroom Kuan Jee Lian Undertaking: Group treatment, Common characteristics A ; cause of the behavior Fictional character: Child B Brenda Leong Mun Hoe Undertaking: Group treatment, Suggestions on direction techniques/strategies Fictional character: Teacher Ong Leng Choo Undertaking: Group treatment, Overall amending the work Fictional character: Child A Ashley Tay Li Xin Undertaking: Group treatment, Script Writer Fictional character: Narrator

Planting Hybrid Poplar, Pros and Cons

Planting Hybrid Poplar, Pros and Cons A hybrid plant is produced when pollen of one species is used to fertilize flowers of another species. A hybrid poplar is a tree resulting from the combining, either naturally or artificially, of various poplar species into a hybrid. Hybrid poplars (Populus spp.) are among the fastest-growing trees in North America and well suited for certain conditions. Poplar hybrids are not desirable in many landscapes but can be of major importance under certain forestry conditions. Should I Plant a Hybrid Poplar? It depends. The tree can be effectively used by tree farmers and large property owners under certain conditions. Most hybrid poplars are a landscaping nightmare when grown in yards and parks. The populus species are susceptible to fungal leaf spots that defoliate trees by late summer. The poplar tree is extremely susceptible to a devastating canker and dies an ugly death in just a few years. Still, poplar just may be the most planted ornamental tree in America. Where Did the Hybrid Poplar Come From? Members of the willow family, hybrid poplars are crosses between North Americas cottonwoods, aspens, and Europes poplars. Poplars were first used as windbreaks for European fields and hybridized in Britain in 1912 using a cross between European and North American species. Planting hybrid poplar for profit started in the 1970s. Forest Services Wisconsin lab led in U.S. hybrid poplar research. The Poplar has restored its reputation by offering a new source of alternative fuels and fiber. Why Grow Hybrid Poplar? Hybrids grow six to ten times faster than similar species. Tree farmers can see economic returns in 10 to 12 years.Hybrid poplar research has reduced the disease problems. There are now commercially available disease-resistant trees.Hybrids are easy to plant. You can plant an unrooted dormant cutting or stick.Growth off stump sprouts insures future trees with little or no planting costs.There is an ever-increasing list of primary uses being developed for hybrid poplar. What Are the Primary Commercial Uses of Hybrid Poplar? Pulpwood: There is an increasing need for aspen for the production of wood products in the Lake States. Hybrid poplar may be substituted here.Engineered Lumber Products: Hybrid poplar can be used in the process of making oriented strand board and, possibly, structural lumber.Energy: Burning wood does not increase atmospheric carbon monoxide(CO). The hybrid poplar absorbs as much CO over its lifetime as is given off in burning so it mitigates amount of CO given off. What Are Alternative Uses of Hybrid Poplar? Hybrid poplar is extremely beneficial in ways not directly profitable. Property owners can stabilize stream banks and agricultural lands by planting and encouraging hybrid poplar growth. Windbreaks of poplar have protected fields in Europe for centuries. In addition to protecting soil from wind erosion, the windbreaks protect livestock and humans from cold winds and increase wildlife habitat and aesthetics. Phytoremediation and the Hybrid Poplar In addition to the above values of hybrid poplar, it makes an excellent phytoremediator. Willows and specifically hybrid poplar have the ability to take up harmful waste products and lock them away in their woody stems. Municipal and corporate institutions are becoming more and more encouraged by new research showing the benefits of planting hybrid poplar to naturally clean up toxic waste.

Open my own business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Open my own business - Essay Example It does not require a lot of skills or special training to start your own body shop, but the success will depend on your ability to go the job well and serve the customers to their satisfaction. With such reasons, the following information will help in starting your own body shop. The best start of a business is to have all the legal regulations and licensing requirements met. To register the body shop with the state, the state clerk can help in its registration. The second thing concerning the registration is to obtain the following permits; council permits, police license, state license, industry standards and adoption etc Prepare business cards for the company which shows the name of company, address, and services offered. These cards are taken to shops around and placed on the doors. Also, these cards can be taken to auto body stores in the neighborhood and if people the owners can be asked to be distributing them. The business cards should be handed over to all the employees to distribute everywhere they go and to everybody they meet. A good approach to spreading business cards is to give some to close friends who then write their names on the back of the card. If customers bring these cards with them, the friend who gave out that card can be rewarded with two dollars or free service at the shop. The next thing is to check out for major auto- parts distributors in the area and other sources of wholesale priced equipment parts. Collision repairs of cars, trucks, motor homes and other automobiles, accidental related mechanical work, engine diagnostics, airbag system replacements, paintings, baked-on finishes, regular maintenance, tire and wheel mounting, alignment, oil changes and other tune-ups. They need to be stated depending on the available capital, technicians’ skills, and size of business. Qualified (skilled) employees are a boost to any business. It

Case. Hawaiian Punch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case. Hawaiian Punch - Essay Example In the end, Hoedebeck pinpoints the three problem areas which Hawaiian Punch needs to assess. First, how can its distribution networks be organized and utilized in order to bring about the maximum sales for the company? How should innovation be managed in order for them to fit and embody the previous image of Hawaiian Punch? Lastly, what is the best advertising tactics that it can employ in order to raise awareness of the newly introduced variants as well as boost brand sales? The analysis of the internal and external environment of Hawaiian Punch can be best conducted through the use of the strategic management tool SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It should be noted that strengths and weaknesses represents the internal factors in the business organization under consideration while the opportunities and threats is a survey of the external environment. Strengths. The main strength of the Hawaiian Punch is its strong brand equity. Because of the quality of its products, 94% of all Americans are aware of the brand and its classic Fruit Juicy Red. It has also been able to create a specific image in the minds of the consumer as â€Å"fun childhood consumption experiences, unique and refreshing taste, vitamin C content, and Punchy Mascot.† Aside from this, Hawaiian Punch has also been able to establish a wide network of distributors both from the retail and trade sectors. The product has also been recognized by these distributors as fast moving. Weaknesses. Even though Hawaiian Punch generally has very high brand awareness in the market, this is almost exclusive in the Fruit Juicy Red flavor. Newer and more innovative ones are not really popular in the market. This discrepancy can be attributed to the weak advertising efforts of the company as well as the differences in the products being

Is violence heriditary or genetic Research Paper

Is violence heriditary or genetic - Research Paper Example Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15. Problem statement There is a high likelihood that childhood aggression and antisocial behavior in adolescent stages of development have less relationship with the genetics of the parents than it can be a hereditary characteristic. Purpose of study The research investigates the correlation that exists between childhood aggression and the prevalence of antisocial behavior during the adolescence stage. The study’s core purpose was to prove whether aggression (including childhood aggression and adolescent antisocial behavior) is hereditary or emanates from genetics of the child’s parents. Identification of framework This study is helpful in explaining the relationship between aggression, including childhood aggression and antisocial behavior among adolescents, and the parents’ genetic makeup. It also helps to prove if violence, childhood aggression and antisocial among adolescents, is hereditary. Information of designed The research determines the extent to which violence (dependent variables), in the form of childhood aggression and antisocial behavior among adolescents, depends on genetic traits of parents (independent variable). Is violence hereditary or genetic? Abstract There are exceptional advantages of undertaking research in every field of knowledge. Nursing is a fundamental field in everyday lives, a need that underscores the necessity of undertaking research to boost the provision of nursing services. Possible research topics in the field of include the exploration of the principalities behind the prevalence of violence in the society. The question as to whether violence is hereditary or genetic forms a viable area of research in nursing. Childhood violence and subsequent observations as antisocial behavior among adolescents is on as escalating trend, in the society. A number of literatures are available on this field of nursing, as discussed in this research. This study investigates the source of violence, whether hereditary or related to the genetics of the parents. There are various depictions of violence as childhood aggression and antisocial behavior among adolescents. According to the research, violence is a hereditary trait. Introduction A theory refers to an abstract of a possible description of the functionalities of a principle stated in a logical way. Studies conducted to validate such abstract explanations refer to a research. Research, in the field of nursing, explores a number of areas. It is useful in exploring principles regarding the state of children, as well. Nursing involves the provision of comprehensive care to individuals. The care extends to that provided to members of the community and entails a vital role in nursing. Children face a number of risks and their protection forms a noble role in the field of nursing. Inhumane treatments are among the different challenges children face in the society. In as much as children continue to face a number of challenges, childhood aggression and a consequential prevalence of antisocial behavior in adolescents, is on an escalating trend in society, a factor that draws concern from a number of researchers, in the field of nursing. Studies show factors that link childhood aggression to antisocial conducts upon attaining adolescence stage. The research investigates the correlation that exists between childhood aggression and the prevalence of antisocial behavior during the adolescence stage

How to Resolve an Ethnic Conflict- Case Study of Bosnia Research Paper

How to Resolve an Ethnic Conflict- Case Study of Bosnia - Research Paper Example The Serbs were seeking political dominance in Bosnia by eliminating the weak Bosnian Muslims. According to Horowitz (2000), a weak state cannot manage the differing ethnic interests peacefully in order to provide protection to all ethnic groups. The Bosnian conflict was also politically fueled by government and military leaders. Political leaders can have discriminatory inter-ethnic politics and ideologies that favor some ethnic groups (Jesse & Williams, 2011). Serbian leaders such as General Mladic and Radovan Karadzic were the masterminds of the Srebrenica massacre. Serbian political leaders had empowered Serb militias to fight the defenseless Bosnian Muslims. Cultural factors such as propaganda, stereotyping and religious differences also lead to ethnic conflict (Jesse & Williams, 2011). Stereotyping creates tension between ethnic groups and hinders social cohesion (Horowitz, 2000). Bosnia was composed of Muslims and non-Muslims. In 1992, fierce propaganda was spread by Serbs depi cting Muslims as extremist fundamentalists. This made Bosnia Serbs support Serbian militia fighting against Bosnia Muslims. Other factors such as economic factors and weak national institutions had little impact among the causes of the Bosnia war. However, these factors still remain valid causes of ethnic conflict among different ethnic groups. Several countries in Africa and Asia experience conflict due to imbalance in economic development and institutions that disregard the law. The Bosnia conflict was ended by the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995. The peace deal had been brokered by the U.S government. The Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, Bosnian president Alija Izetbegovic, and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman signed the peace agreement. The United States, Russia, France, Germany, and Britain initiated the peace deal that ended the war in 1995. Sarajevo was made the capital city of Bosnia, and the country was divided into two regions along ethnic lines. The Serbs were given 49 per cent of the country, and the remaining 51 per cent was allocated to the Bosnia Muslims. The deal led to the establishment of a Peace Implementation Council to coordinate reconstruction and development projects. The deal included the deployment of NATO troops in the country for peace keeping. A UN High Representative was appointed to make and enforce the law at the state and entity level. The country conducted national elections that established a government of three presidents. Through the peace agreement, political differences that led to the conflict had been addressed. According to Horowitz (2000), differences in political ideologies and the desire for political dominance lead to ethnic conflict. The peace agreement led to the establishment of a central government that would rule over Bosnia. Each entity also has a state government, police, and the military. The issue of weak institutions that disregard the law and a weak nation or ethnic group was addressed. T he weak Bosnia Muslims were given the biggest portion of the country and established a state government and a military force. This gave them an institution that guarantees their security and makes laws that govern the state. The PIC makes decisions that have been implemented by international organizations such as IMF, the World Bank,

House of Tata Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

House of Tata - Case Study Example The group companies would have been effective in purchasing the shares from Tata Sons. However, collusion between the companies with regard to the purchase of the exchange share would have violated the law. According to the media, the plan by Ratan of increasing the equity holdings would have raised concerns regarding the overvaluation of the shares. The deal lacked the benefit for companies that invested in the initiative (Lynch 56). The initiative by Ratan of selling 20 percent stake in the TIL to colossal of the Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson group. This was a good idea since the firm was significantly influential throughout Asia. This deal added value by pushing the share capital of TIL up by Rs. 119, and this enhanced the venture start-ups promoted through the TIL. Ratan anticipated of Jardine contributing to the expertise in most business activities like distribution and retailing, hotels, engineering, real estate, financial services and construction. This move added value to TIL since the two companies had similar interests in exploration of potential synergy in their financial businesses. This necessitated creation of major networks for distribution of cars. Jardine believed that Ratan was careful thinker and planner, with the long-term decisions being spot-on. Though Ratan admitted of the joint venture not reading the market accurately, it was worthwhile for Jardine having stakes in Ratan (Wiersema and Joseph 65). Tata was considering several steps they hoped would give the group strong collective identity. This aimed at making Tata brand take responsibility of promoting unified brand that could have been used by all members that subscribe to the Brand Equity Scheme. Every company could have derived the benefits of promoting the Tata brand and hence enhance the Tata affiliation. The Tata sons would have required annual net income contribution of each company to meet the development costs, protect and promote the brand. The idea was good since each co mpany had to pay contribution based on the degree of brand association. Also, the involved companies had to pay the code of conduct in ensuring uniform ethical and high quality business practices. The participating companies must recognize the outstanding representation of the Tata values (Wren 98). The advantage of this initiative is that most of these countries encouraged Tata adopt a globalized and strong corporate campaign. Though the companies wanted to take advantage of the ward and opportunities off the competitive threats that emerged dramatically due to the expansion of the Indian economy, the Tata son used the fee paid by the companies in building a national and international group brand. This also enabled them emphasize on core ethics and values through advertisements. However, the domestic brand promotion would have cost the company extra Rs. 300 million yearly. The scheme also generated the debates on investment in media and public. The scheme was slated to be retroacti vely effective and was deferred in order to incorporate the additional features depending on the evolving views. This led to some Tata shareholders resenting the attempt by the Tata sons of asserting itself beyond the limits of the ordinary shareholder. Others doubted of the brand recognition offering immediate benefit to their companies while still others claimed that it was not necessarily the Tata name that promoted their success. Most companies, which benefited from the use of Tata name,

How to Resolve an Ethnic Conflict- Case Study of Bosnia Research Paper

How to Resolve an Ethnic Conflict- Case Study of Bosnia - Research Paper Example The Serbs were seeking political dominance in Bosnia by eliminating the weak Bosnian Muslims. According to Horowitz (2000), a weak state cannot manage the differing ethnic interests peacefully in order to provide protection to all ethnic groups. The Bosnian conflict was also politically fueled by government and military leaders. Political leaders can have discriminatory inter-ethnic politics and ideologies that favor some ethnic groups (Jesse & Williams, 2011). Serbian leaders such as General Mladic and Radovan Karadzic were the masterminds of the Srebrenica massacre. Serbian political leaders had empowered Serb militias to fight the defenseless Bosnian Muslims. Cultural factors such as propaganda, stereotyping and religious differences also lead to ethnic conflict (Jesse & Williams, 2011). Stereotyping creates tension between ethnic groups and hinders social cohesion (Horowitz, 2000). Bosnia was composed of Muslims and non-Muslims. In 1992, fierce propaganda was spread by Serbs depi cting Muslims as extremist fundamentalists. This made Bosnia Serbs support Serbian militia fighting against Bosnia Muslims. Other factors such as economic factors and weak national institutions had little impact among the causes of the Bosnia war. However, these factors still remain valid causes of ethnic conflict among different ethnic groups. Several countries in Africa and Asia experience conflict due to imbalance in economic development and institutions that disregard the law. The Bosnia conflict was ended by the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995. The peace deal had been brokered by the U.S government. The Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, Bosnian president Alija Izetbegovic, and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman signed the peace agreement. The United States, Russia, France, Germany, and Britain initiated the peace deal that ended the war in 1995. Sarajevo was made the capital city of Bosnia, and the country was divided into two regions along ethnic lines. The Serbs were given 49 per cent of the country, and the remaining 51 per cent was allocated to the Bosnia Muslims. The deal led to the establishment of a Peace Implementation Council to coordinate reconstruction and development projects. The deal included the deployment of NATO troops in the country for peace keeping. A UN High Representative was appointed to make and enforce the law at the state and entity level. The country conducted national elections that established a government of three presidents. Through the peace agreement, political differences that led to the conflict had been addressed. According to Horowitz (2000), differences in political ideologies and the desire for political dominance lead to ethnic conflict. The peace agreement led to the establishment of a central government that would rule over Bosnia. Each entity also has a state government, police, and the military. The issue of weak institutions that disregard the law and a weak nation or ethnic group was addressed. T he weak Bosnia Muslims were given the biggest portion of the country and established a state government and a military force. This gave them an institution that guarantees their security and makes laws that govern the state. The PIC makes decisions that have been implemented by international organizations such as IMF, the World Bank,

Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Anything - Essay Example This leads to accumulation of body fat. D. Enumerated Preview: This research will analyze the importance of exercise and healthy balanced meal in reducing the pressing issue of obesity. Obesity has been contributed by our current sedentary lifestyle and the over-consumption of energy- dense foods. 1. The role of culture in fitness and diet programs. There is a cultural pattern of being bigger and fat, and this is not a good trend. Most cultural norms discourage the consumption of a healthy meal. This encourages unhealthy meal consumption. 3. The nation’s public health strategy for addressing overweight and obesity issue. The government has come up with healthy eating strategies and action plans for school growing children. This is with the intention of curbing the issue of obesity and overweight. This strategy is organized into three goals which comprise of incorporating healthy meals, reducing the access and consumption of calorie-dense foods, and raising health awareness (Edelman, Mandle & Kudzma

Government Security Classifications Essay Example for Free

Government Security Classifications Essay In light of the growing controversy surrounding the former Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, the Republican Party is claiming that she used her personal email account to send classified information. The United States classification system is currently established by Executive Order 13526 and has three levels of classification – Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret. The lowest level of classification is Confidential. Confidential material is defined in Executive Order 13526 as, â€Å"Any information that would cause damage or be prejudicial to national security if it were made available. † A variety of markings are used for material that is not classified, but whose distribution is limited administratively such as, For Official Use Only (FOUO), or Sensitive but unclassified (SBU). Although these items are marked unclassified, they are not to be sent via personal email. No special investigation is needed at this level for the individual other than â€Å"a need to know basis.† The second highest classification is Secret. Secret material is defined in Executive Order 13526 as, â€Å"Any information that would cause ‘serious damage’ to national security if it were made public.† Most information that is classified is held at this level. In order to have a secret clearance, you must have an investigation into your background to ensure trustworthiness. This is usually conducted by a government agency. The highest level of classification is Top Secret. Top secret as defined in Executive Order 13526, â€Å"Shall be applied to information, unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause ‘exceptionally grave damage’ to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe.† It is believed that 1.4 million Americans have top secret clearances. Top secret clearances are usually given to specific individuals who pass a very stringent security background investigation. Individuals with this level of classification work at the top levels of our government. As you can see we have a government system in place to ensure that classified information is distributed accordingly throughout the government  to protect national security. In regards to Mrs. Clinton, do you think that she broke the rules by using her personal email account? The jury is still out on that investigation.

Needs and Rights of the Elderly in Social Care

Needs and Rights of the Elderly in Social Care How to balance the rights and needs of older people is a complex and important issue as it is an occurrence that will inevitably affects us all at some stage of our lives. It is fundamental to ensure a balance of the rights and needs of the individuals by remaining aware of the current Anti-Discriminatory and Anti-Oppressive Practices especially in residential care environments. In order to protect and respect elderly people it is imperative to look at these units, ensure their effectiveness; encourage accountability and most importantly, their provision of safety. This paper explores the nature of the discipline of social work and to illustrate that perhaps its central and unique characteristic is the way theory and practice are closely interrelated in reference to an article written in The Guardian dated 22nd January 2005, They didn’t have long anyway. Society has moved from the traditional family set-up where grandparents usually lived with their family in the nineteen and twentieth centuries to where families are more divided, private and elderly people often live on their own or eventually move into residential units or nursing homes. For the relative making this decision, it can be a distressing time evoking feelings of guilt or worry that they may be letting their parent down at a time of their life when they particularly need them. It can be especially complex if the elderly person resists the move. This is where the help of the social sector can be needed, both for support and information. It is helpful to have an open discussion with the elderly person, reassure them that any decision is made with their best interests being the main concern and that they are also involved in the decision-making process, wherever possible. (Rudd 1967, pp.13-15; Banks 1984, pp. 85-8). Social work’s context of care has changed significantly over the last few decades according to Ife (1997) and Banks (1995). As result of changes in politics, economic and ideologies, some gaps may exist until the social work sector has time to adapt, particularly as social work is not a single entity, rather it is made up of many components. Social work is at times ambiguous, complex and uncertain such that its major strengths are in terms of its ability to improve dialogue, understanding and interpretation, rather than simply be concerned with legislating and acting with authority. (Ife 1997, pp.1-5; Hugman, R 1995, pp 1-12). In the article, They didn’t have long anyway published in the Guardian 22nd January 2005, many vital issues are highlighted, namely the concerning deaths of thirteen elderly persons at the former Maypole that seemed to result in a low-key reaction by society. The article outlines that other sectors of society such as children at risk are protected by laws and rightfully so, yet the same does not adequately seem to apply to elderly people who may also be at risk in institutions. The main concern is that many nursing homes are sub-standard, the food is badly cooked, and hygiene standards questionable and often staff are not providing adequate care and safety for the residents. It is a difficult area of care to decipher definite statistics proving negligence as according to the article there is a lack of meaningful, national data that could provide reliable information. The situation is further complicated by the fact that there can be conflicts of interests with parties such as care providers, pharmacists and doctors and this may add to the concern regarding standards. Plus, the age-old dilemma of funding and lack of resources. The most concerning issue the article raises is that it is the staff member’s responsibility to report the death to a coroner, this could lead to those acting honourably to do so and conversely those that do not, will not report the death. (Muir, H Taylor, D 2005). There has been a long history of research into living conditions and potential abuse in institutional settings by theorists such as Goffman (1961) and Townsend (1962) culminating into a more significant scale in the 1970s and 1980s. Twenty years of campaigning resulted in the launch of two codes of conduct for the social care sector in 2002 in Britain. One code aims to identify social care workers’ conduct making them more accountable for the care they provide as well as informing service users of the standards they can expect. They are responsible for ensuring that they adhere to such standards and they protect the well-being of service users which in this case are elderly people in institutions. They work to a code of ethics including the concern for the well-being of others, respect for the autonomy of others, trustworthiness and honesty, willing compliance with the law (with the exception of civil disobedience), basic justice, refusing to take unfair advantage, duty of car e, confidentiality, commitment to professional responsibilities and preventing harm. The second code for employers of social care workers, ensuring their regulation in order to safeguard and promote the interests of both service users and carers. The code is part of the wider component of existing legislation, requirements and guidance relating to staff employment. (Excellence in caring, 2002). So this leads us to the question of what is going wrong? It is clear that elderly people are particularly at risk as they have are generally voiceless and marginalised as the move from their homes into an institution is usually fast and their families may have no idea of the potential dangers in the system. Often homes do not have regular legislative inspections, thus they can deteriorate with less questions being asked. A continued commitment to safeguarding this sector of our community needs to occur to prevent neglect and abuse. As the article They didn’t have long anyway concludes, it is often those with the loudest voices who are heard. Elderly people do not fit this description, thus it is important that a combination of steps are taken to ensure a balance of the rights and needs of the individuals by remaining aware of the current Anti-Discriminatory and Anti-Oppressive Practices especially in residential care environments. Bibliography Banks, G 1984. Options. A handbook for the elderly and those who care for them. Dove Communications, Victoria. Goffman, E 1961. Asylums. Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Penguin Books, Great Britain. Hugman, R 1995. Ethical Issues in Social Work. Routledge, Great Britain. Ife, J 1997. Rethinking Social Work. Towards critical practice. Longman, Australia. Rudd, T.N 1967. Human Relations in Old Age. Faber and Faber, London. Townsend (1962) The Last Refuge, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. Internet Sites Colero, L A Framework For Universal Principles of Ethics, Crossroads Programs Inc, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/papers/invited/colero.html Excellence in caring, 2002 Guardian Unlimited, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://society.guardian.co.uk/scperformance/story/0,11025,629574,00.html. Ethics Update, 2006 University of San Diego, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://ethics.sandiego.edu/index.asp#PageCite. Muir, H Taylor, D, 22nd January, 2005, They didn’t have long anyway, viewed 6th April 2006: http://www.guardian.co.uk/ No secrets: guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse, 2000 Department of Health and Home Office, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4008486chk=7Wogjo

Fashion and Semiotics Essay -- Sociology Semiology Symbolism

Ever since their invention many centuries ago, clothes have been used as a way of communicating. The message communicated relies on a number of factors including the social background of both the communicator and the receiver, and the context in which the message is communicated. Although at times the exact message or symbolism one is trying to portray may not be clear, it is evident that clothing has long been embraced as one of the best ways to project one’s desired personal image to those around them. For many centuries clothing was used namely as a form of symbolising one’s ascribed class and social honour. A good example of this was evident in Feudal European times when sumptuary laws were created in order to regulate and specify the clothing that could be worn by certain classes. In 1463 Edward IV went so far as to ‘[declare] that purple silk was to be the prerogative of the aristocracy’ (Finkelstein 1991, pg. 137). As purple dye and silk were both very expensive and sought after this declaration demonstrated quite simply that those who were in possession of such materials should command respect and were of high social standing. Eventually these laws were abolished as, instead of ‘confining people to their designated rank, the laws provoked an intense interest in fashion and a desire to transgress the codes, both in the process of prestigious emulation and as an act of rebellion’ (Craik, 1994, pg. 205). This abolition allowed groups and individu als to establish their own chosen style or ‘marker’ in order to indicate their place within society. By allowing such freedom, ascribed social status gave way to that which was achieved. This not only meant that many more people were able to engage in the ever-expanding culture of ‘Haute couture’ but also that honour was no longer perceived as a birth right but rather as something that could to be obtained. Such a shift in symbolism provided a way for those of not so noble a birth to portray themselves as the latter through a variety of means such as renting or stealing clothes and buying counterfeit copies (a common occurrence in today’s society also). In the late 18th century the Industrial Revolution occurred causing a huge shift in the ways in which clothing was produced and subsequently altering the ways in which clothing was perceived. For decades preceding industrialisation men and women of high so... ...o contextual influences and past experiences. Therefore it is almost impossible to pre-empt the ways in which others will perceive you. Over time ideas will change and therefore alter the ways in which we look back on past clothing choices. Whilst symbolism in fashion may no longer be subject to laws as it was in the 14th century or defined by strict social rules in the 17th century, the clothes we wear are still today subject to imposed social ideals. Apart from distinguishing one status group from another, a style of dress may also aid group cohesiveness, provide the individual with an identity and a feeling of belonging, and communicate the wearer’s attitudes and interests. The ways in which we interpret others and present ourselves for interpretation is the only true way that we can be individual. Symbolism in clothing may not seem as obvious or important nowadays as it was in times of extreme social bigotry, but it is still highly prevalent and has remained one of the most effective ways to project our desired image to those around us. ‘The state of a person’s clothes is synonymous with self respect and is a sign of responsibility’ (www. Pemberley.com/janeinfo/vebleis7.html)

Fall of Berlin Wall

Ashley McCutcheon 2nd 10-27-12 The fall of the berlin wall as a turning point in history 1. â€Å"The Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall (Part 2). † About. com 20th Century History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . This article describes that the berlin wall was put up to divide between the west and east, which were democracy vs. communism at that point. Then later on the communist wanted a subtle change where as the german citizens did not agree, they wanted all of it ended.During 1988 and 1989 communism still weakened in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, then on the 9th of November in 1989, east german officials made a call to open the gates ultimately giving a sort of freedom to the people. 2. â€Å"Fall of Communism. † Fall of Communism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . This article is helpful, because it explains an outcome of the berlin wall falling which was that communism also fell as resultant.Citizens gained power leading to reforms in the east and thus th e government decided to try different ways of ruling the people in order to make an attempt at saving communism. Eventually communism officially fell in 1991 when Gorbachev was forced to give power to Boris Yeltsin who diminished communism. 3. Goldenberg, Phyllis. â€Å"The Fall of the Berlin Wall: A Personal Account. † The Fall of the Berlin Wall. N. p. , 1994. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . In this article, a personal account of how the event affected the people of berlin is presented. Phyllis Golden burg, a middle aged man living in Denmark, describes how him, among his friends and many others traveled from their homes to go see the Berlin wall after hearing of its supposed removal. The wall was being torn down by everyone and people were pouring through to the other side, a sort of revolution like no other could be.

Dynamometer

The wattmeter is an electrodynamic instrument for measuring the electric power or the supply rate of electrical energy of any given circuit. The device consists of a pair of fixed coils, known as current coils, and a movable coil known as the potential coil. The current coils are connected in series with the circuit, while the potential coil is connected in parallel. Also, on analog wattmeters, the potential coil carries a needle that moves over a scale to indicate the measurement. A current flowing through the current coil generates an electromagnetic field around the coil. The strength of this field is proportional to the line current and in phase with it. The potential coil has, as a general rule, a high-value resistor connected in series with it to reduce the current that flows through it. The result of this arrangement is that on a dc circuit, the deflection of the needle is proportional to both the current and the voltage, thus conforming to the equation W=VA or P=EI. On an ac circuit the deflection is proportional to the average instantaneous product of voltage and current, thus measuring true power, and possibly (depending on load characteristics) showing a different reading to that obtained by simply multiplying the readings showing on a stand-alone voltmeter and a stand-alone ammeter in the same circuit. The two circuits of a wattmeter are likely to be damaged by excessive current. The ammeter and voltmeter are both vulnerable to overheating – in case of an overload, their pointers will be driven off scale – but in the wattmeter, either or even both the current and potential circuits can overheat without the pointer approaching the end of the scale! This is because the position of the pointer depends on the power factor, voltage and current. Thus, a circuit with a low power factor will give a low reading on the wattmeter, even when both of its circuits are loaded to the maximum safety limit. Therefore, a wattmeter is rated not only in watts, but also in volts and amperes. Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wattmeter† (A dynamometer consists of an absorption (or absorber/driver) unit, and usually includes a means for measuring torque and rotational speed. An absorption unit consists of some type of rotor in a housing. The rotor is coupled to the engine or other equipment under test and is free to rotate at whatever speed is required for the test. Some means is provided to develop a braking torque between dynamometer's rotor and housing. The means for developing torque can be frictional, hydraulic, electromagnetic etc. according to the type of absorption/driver unit. One means for measuring torque is to mount the dynamometer housing so that is free to turn except that it is restrained by a torque arm. The housing can be made free to rotate by using trunnions connected to each end of the housing to support the dyno in pedestal mounted trunnion bearings. The torque arm is connected to the dyno housing and a weighing scales is positioned so that it measures the force exerted by the dyno housing in attempting to rotate. The torque is the force indicated by the scales multiplied by the length of the torque arm measured from the center of the dynamometer. A load cell transducer can be substituted for the scales in order to provide an electrical signal that is proportional to torque. Another means for measuring torque is to connect the engine to the dynamometer through a torque sensing coupling or torque transducer. A torque transducer provides an electrical signal that is proportional to torque. With electrical absorption units, it is possible to determine torque by measuring the current drawn (or generated) by the absorber/driver. This is generally a less accurate method, but it may be adequate for some purposes. A wide variety of tachometers are available for measuring speed. Some types can provide an electrical signal that is proportional to speed. When torque and speed signals are available, test data can be transmitted to a data acquisition system rather than being recorded manually. Speed and torque signals can also be recorded by a chart recorder or plotter. ) Power in an electric circuit is the product (multiplication) of voltage and current, so any meter designed to measure power must account for both of these variables. A special meter movement designed especially for power measurement is called the dynamometer movement, and is similar to a D'Arsonval or Weston movement in that a lightweight coil of wire is attached to the pointer mechanism. However, unlike the D'Arsonval or Weston movement, another (stationary) coil is used instead of a permanent magnet to provide the magnetic field for the moving coil to react against. The moving coil is generally energized by the voltage in the circuit, while the stationary coil is generally energized by the current in the circuit. A dynamometer movement connected in a circuit looks something like this: [pic] The top (horizontal) coil of wire measures load current while the bottom (vertical) coil measures load voltage. Just like the lightweight moving coils of voltmeter movements, the (moving) voltage coil of a dynamometer is typically connected in series with a range resistor so that full load voltage is not applied to it. Likewise, the (stationary) current coil of a dynamometer may have precision shunt resistors to divide the load current around it. With custom-built dynamometer movements, shunt resistors are less likely to be needed because the stationary coil can be constructed with as heavy of wire as needed without impacting meter response, unlike the moving coil which must be constructed of lightweight wire for minimum inertia.

Womens Place in Our Society

Today women are enjoying high place in our society because Islam has given them great respect. In the near past women were considered inferior to men. They were debarred from taking part in social life. Their sphere of activities was limited to domestic work. Up to the 19th century it was believed that women were the servants of the homes of their husbands. In those days women were not allowed to take part in political and social life and administration.Rousseau the French philosopher who never married once said The dignity of woman consists in being unknown to the world her glory is the esteem of her husband her pleasure the happiness of her family. Quite recently women have come to take more and more prominent part in many spheres of life In some respects they have excelled men. In sports intellectual and artist pursuits in office and industry they have set a new record of honesty and efficiency.They have succeeded marvelously as teachers and nurses goldsmith the famous poet and wr iter made a complaint two centuries ago Women famed of their valour their skill in politics or their learning have left the duties of their own sex in order to invade the privilege of ours. This is what the women are doing today. Now women are enjoying that place in society. Which they could never think of it past. There is particularly no field where women are not competing with men. In professions outdoor life and law they claim equality with men.In business trade industry in the learned professions in politics administration, scientific research literary and artistic activities. Eve is making herself felt everywhere. They are police and military officers. They are working as sale girls as air hostesses and as clerks and steno typists. They are turning out men from the posts of personal secretaries. As the days pass we have to get more and more used to the idea of seeing women working side by side of men riding driving, flying, playing even fighting. Even in Pakistan we have women athletes writers, leaders, administrators.They are fast discarding purdah and taking to active outdoor life. Law has given a woman a status equal to that of man. In nearly every democratic country women have the right to vote. Not only this now women got a chance to become the head of he state. The selection of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister twice in a great example of women's place in society. Many other women are also serving at key posts. Many thinkers including most of the Muslims do not like their idea of woman liking an active part in public life and in the professions.They argue that biologically woman's function is different from man's she has to be a mother. Women are not suitable for every job. They are too delicate to perform arduous duties of life. The real greatness of a woman lies in her role as mother. It is rightly said the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. The mother who can bring up the right sort of children is really a great benefactor of society. Is lamic society gives a very respectable position to woman. The Holy Prophet has said â€Å"Verily the paradise lies under the feet of your mother†.

'One of the aims of EMU was that only the global balance of payments Essay

'One of the aims of EMU was that only the global balance of payments of the European Union with the rest of the world be of im - Essay Example In the recent economic epoch it is analyzed that the economic structure of different nations in the euro zone is actually separate. The monetary inflexibility of the policies in the EMU is becoming difficult when followed under the current economic operations of different nations. There is a widespread financial crisis in the European states (Kenen, 2000). The rigid policies of EMU prevent the monetary authorities in different countries to undergo the process of deficit financing that would help the nations to pay out its creditors. The EMU aims at evaluating the currencies of its European states and thus improving their Balance of Trade. It facilitates the nations to collect higher tax revenues and achieve a successful growth in their GDP (Visser, 2004). The essay tries to show how the EMU aims at improving the Balance of Payment (BOP) situation of Euro zone states with the rest of the world. The essay will try to analyze the optimal policy that can be adopted by the European Union to improve its balance of payments disequilibria with the rest of the world. Balance of Payment and its Significance The Balance of Payment helps to take an account of the monetary transactions carried out by a nation with the rest of the world (McCombie and Thirlwall, 1994). ... The current account looks into the trading affairs mainly of tangible goods and services; on the other hand the capital account looks into the inflow and outflow of financial assets in an economy. A nation can have either a fixed or a floating exchange rate. If a country has a fixed exchange rate then the central bank of the nation accepts foreign fund inflow exactly at par with the level of fund that the nation has out-flowed. By doing so the state makes the exchange rate of the economy rigid. The BoP surplus or deficit can only be analyzed in that situation by the reserves of foreign exchange with the central bank. On one other hand if the exchange rate of a country is more flexible than the central bank does not intervene in the matters of goods and service trading. In such situation, the country’s currency evaluates if its exports are more than its imports and the currency devaluates if the imports are more than the exports. The essay will throw a light on the BoP situatio ns of the almost all the states as a whole who are included in the Euro Zone. BoP Situations of Euro Zone The countries in the European Union are undergoing severe financial crisis since the latter half of 2009. The nations are not only facing a sovereign debt crisis but also a crisis in their banking affairs. The Euro Zone nations are lagging behind other nations both in terms of competitiveness and growth. In some of the countries the crisis was so severe that to refinance their state debts they had taken assistance from the third parties. The commercial banks in the Euro zone are undercapitalized (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008). The configuration of the nations of the Euro zone countries as a monetary

Hong Kong and the Impact of Cyber Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hong Kong and the Impact of Cyber Crimes - Essay Example Nonetheless, no process is without a flaw; and many take advantage of this fact to steal from individuals and organizations that engage in e-payments. Despite all efforts of the government to restrain cyber crimes, and of information technology specialists to fortify domain firewalls, anxieties related to online transactions are mounting, and in a way, adversely affect international marketing endeavors. I. E-payment and Cybercrimes Electronic payments â€Å"refer to the systems and strategies required to enable the actual disbursement of funds electronically. It is concerned not only with the electronic transactions themselves, but also with the infrastructure required for billing and buyer authentication† (Botha and Geldenhuys, 2004, p. 67). The funds may be in the form of electronic checks, credit cards, purchasing cards, and electronic cash (Rainer and Cegielski, 2007). Authentication typically involves the username and password tandem, although other institutions support e xtended verification systems. For instance, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) provide internet bankers with security device, while Emirates NBD incorporate the CHIP and PIN technology in all debit accounts. A team of researchers from Indiana University and Microsoft Corporation reported that major e-payment systems, e-retailers and e-commerce platforms have system security software glitches that can be abused by illicit websites to divert payments, or obtain goods for free or at reduced prices (Demery, 2011). Meanwhile, the Internet Fraud Complaint Center in the United States receives 200,000 consumer complaints per year, with securities and commodities fraud encompassing 16 percent (Miller and Jentz, 2009). Banks that rely heavily on online operations are at risk of losing profits as consumers also lose confidence on the security of online banking, specifically electronic payment of bills. Yet, although perpetrators of cyber crimes generally victimize financial serv ice companies, the Anti-Phishing Working Group has recorded cases of attempts to exploit â€Å"social networking and gambling sites† as well (CIO, 2007, p.36) II. Cyber Crimes in Hong Kong The Census and Statistics Department reveals that 76 percent of households in Hong Kong have computers, 73 percent of which maintains broadband connection; and about 63 percent of firms use personal computers, 98 percent of which do regular emails (Cagape, 2010). The figures clearly indicate that majority of the population in Hong Kong engage in online pursuits, and a significant portion of businesses are conducted via the internet. This alone leaves the country a viable target for cybercrimes. Speakers at the Information Security Summit 2008 reported an increase of 44 percent in hacking attacks in Hong Kong between January and October 2008, while the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) stated that during the same period, they have already dealt with 483 incidents of cyber crimes (Spam Fighter, 2008). Unfortunately, Hong Kong is also deficient in internet laws and certain websites are criticized for mediocre security features. Michelle Chan of Herbert Smith law firm observes that existing internet laws in Hong Kong are appropriate for misconducts in the early 1990s, but no further amendments were effected since then. On the other hand, this does not mean

Globalisation, International Trade and Marketing Essay

Globalisation, International Trade and Marketing - Essay Example Globalization trends have been different at various times of its evolution, allowing the observation of remarkable phases of evolution over time. The consideration of globalization process over the years, and the evaluation and assessment of the defining factors of globalization allow for the examination of past, present and future trends in globalization. Contemporary globalization takes a diverse and dynamic position, encompassing cultural, social, economic, political, technological and communication aspects. Origins of Contemporary Globalization Contemporary globalization is founded in human and social evolution, dating back to many centuries ago (Jain, 2011, p.10). The origin of modern time globalization can be traced by considering history of globalization throughout the years. The process can be said to have started right with the evolution of human societies. The multiplication and migration of human ancestors started between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago. At the time, hunting a nd gathering was the main survival practice. The multiplication of human life spread across the globe, aided by migration and settlement in new regions. Over the years to around 5,000 years ago, cultivation began and farming activities were evident in many natural environments around the world. Villages started developing and towns were being set up as a result. After the last ice age, agricultural revolution was experienced, marking a significant change in people’s life at the time (Jain, 2011, p.16). Need for exchange emerged, and trade resulted around 3,000 years ago. Tradable goods that included but not limited to artifacts and raw materials were exchanged. Global population growth was significantly rising, reaching one million people by this time. As a result, cultural, social and religious systems began to be realized. As high activity in all aspects of human life continued to be experienced, regional organizations were being realized. Growth and development of empires like Mesopotamia, Samarra, and Uruk emerged, and by 1AD, the entire world’s population approached 150 million people (Jain, 2011, p.19). With this increase in population, need for trade exacerbated. May social settings were not self-sufficient, leading to a scenario of interdependence among societies. Need for trade resulted in the establishment of trade routes around the world. 100 years after, major cities were emerging as trade centres, characterized by relatively high population in comparison to other settlement areas. Fifteenth Century marked a significant position for the current world phenomenon. This is the time that saw the development of the printing press in relatively developed societies of the world. A new world was therefore born, and global population hit 300 million people by this time. This and other major developmental aspects characterized the world until the 18th Century, when industrial revolution took place. Cultural, social, economic and political drive rs influenced the world, especially after the second revolution in agriculture. The global population was approaching a billion people. In the late 19th Century and early 20th Century (1880-1914), European empires had been fully integrated into the region’s set up, and world trade patterns were being re-organized and extended to integrate uncovered areas. By this time, the world population stood at approximately 1.6 billion people, with significant events in the 20th Century being World War I, Great

Titled Modern Portfolio Theory or Investment Management Essay

Titled Modern Portfolio Theory or Investment Management - Essay Example Thus, a portfolio may be defined as a combination of securities with varying risk and return characteristics which in turn contribute to the net worth of the investor. (Swisher, 2005) The topic of discussion in this paper is Modern Portfolio Theory or Investment Theory, which may be defined as the concepts that revolve around educating an investor regarding the steps that must be taken in order to develop a portfolio that will speak of rational choices and optimisation of financial resources. Before going any further, it is imperative to point out that investement brings a certain degree of speculation, especially in today's economic scenario where there has been a boom in the information transmission trends due to an increase in the number of people from various quarters flocking towards investing in portfolios. This paper will endeavor to study modern portfolio theory (MPT), in terms of its various elements like Markowitz diversification, the efficient frontier as well as concepts like the Capital Asset Pricing Model, better known as CAPM. The tools used in the course of application of these concepts include the Capital Market Line and the Security Market Line apart from alpha and beta coefficients which help measure mean, variance, risk and returns of the portfolio as a whole. To begin with, the paper will introduce the Modern Portfolio Theory as propounded by Harry Markowitz in the early 1950s, before moving on towards defining the elements like beta, risk and return that are concerned with the various concepts of Modern Portfolio like diversification and Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM. (Swisher, 2005) The intorduction of the key elements before discussing and analysing the actual concepts has been carried out so as to ensure that there is full understanding of the tools that will be used in the study of the Modern Portfolio Theory. The paper will progress through a series of headings that are relevant to introduce new topics. These topics are linked with each other through the tools like beta, risk, return, mean and variance, among others. There will illustrations in terms of formulae and diagrams for all sections of the paper. Markowitz and Modern Portfolio Theory Modern Portfolio Theory has come up a practical model for the measurement of the various trends affecting the portfolio market. As a body of concepts and tools, it is concerned with the identification of markets that have high return potential and those which have a heavy risk factor, so as to help the investor choose more wisely. At the same time, the modern portfolio theory also brings us face to face with the fact that it is equally concerned with varying combinations of assets to zero in on the favourable markets and customers. (Markowitz, 1952) Born in the year 1952, the modern portfolio theory was the brainchild of Harry Markowitz who recognised the need for a certain set of parameters within which the obvious diversification trends may be