The term Eloquence as it relates to rhetoric Essay

The term Eloquence as it identifies with talk - Essay Example Additionally concr. articulate language. Essentially of oral articulation, and henceforth applied to composing that has the attributes of good rhetoric. In present day use: the idea of enthusiastic articulation is progressively conspicuous. History has delivered various legislators and scholars who were truly powerless and slight elderly people men, however who with their harsh tones and a deft brain, would talk so magnificently in a basic and clear way that even the meanest dictator would reconsider before acting in flurry. Persuasiveness is an apparatus and a facilitator that encourages a conventional speaker to turn into a speaker. A speaker would again utilize solid talk to drive out an issue in his own kindness. To put it plainly, expert articulation, talk and rhetoric are interlinked. Expressiveness when joined with speech turns out to be ground-breaking and when the two consolidate with talk, the blend can turn out to be savage and ground-breaking, moving militaries to inaction and diverting the speaker from a place of shortcoming to a place of solidarity. The Oxford Dictionary accentuates this point and when Marc Antony stands up to the residents of Rome he starts with ‘Friends, Romans, compatriots, listen carefully, for I have come to cover Caesar and not acclaim him’. Most likely, if Marc Antony had become an outburst of outrage and wrong doing or even foul play against Brutus and this pack, at that point the group would not have rose to rebuff Brutus and the historical backdrop of the world would have been unique (Rawson, 1978). Expert articulation isn't tied in with utilizing extremely high blown language or in any event, utilizing complex terms and thoughts and it isn't about bullying a group of people into tolerating a high sounding discourse that they don't comprehend. Or maybe it is utilizing customary words and expressions and joining them to drive the crowd into deduction on an alternate track. It isn't about riffraff energizing however pioneers down the ages, have utilized it for pursuing rebellion

Observation Assignment at a Park Essay -- Descriptive Park Essays Pape

Perception Assignment at a Park Hayden Park was an intriguing spot for a Freeze-Frame task. For the individuals who have not known about a Freeze-Frame, it is essentially sitting in one spot for 15 to 20 minutes watching ones environmental factors. So to proceed, from the start, Hayden Park is a run of the mill Valley of the Sun type park. The vast majority of these average parks have grass, outdoor tables, a few trees, and normally a games accessibility, for example, a ball court or soccer field, or both. Furthermore, the parks additionally have lovely environmental factors. Be that as it may, Hayden Park is situated in South Phoenix, so naturally the normal standard for parks is adjusted. The environmental factors around Hayden Park are a long way from what the vast majority would consider to be charming. From the outdoor table where I led my Freeze-Frame in Hayden Park I could see a garbage yard with several old vehicles, a concrete plant with boisterous trucks driving around the uproarious machines, and a trade-in vehicle parcel with a great deal of unsavory publicizing, the vast majority of which is in Spanish. There was additionally a fenced in trailer park and some different ...

Buy College Research Papers Online

Buy College Research Papers OnlineIt is possible to buy college research papers online. While it may seem unlikely that a company will offer such a service, it is an option for those who are serious about pursuing their undergraduate education. Though there are a few scammers and junk companies that will try to take advantage of those who are considering purchasing college research papers online, it is possible to buy them for less when compared to purchasing them from the local college bookstore.There are many benefits to buying college research papers online. In the past, students did not have as much access to information as they do today. Since the Internet has been introduced, however, research papers can be accessed by anyone who can get online. This makes it possible for those who have access to the Internet to learn everything that they need to know about this subject.Another advantage to using the Internet for research papers online is that the books are delivered right to t he student's mailbox. With traditional sources, the books would have to be ordered, paid for, and picked up from the library. With the Internet, the entire process is automatic.Of course, the biggest advantage of this is the price - since the books are from an online available source, the prices are lower than the traditional methods. This means that the student can easily afford it. Most people understand that research papers can be expensive and usually rely on the college bookstore to get what they need.One of the best parts about this is that all the sites are completely user-friendly. The majority of the features are designed in a way that makes it easy for anyone to navigate the site and find the desired material. Also, many of the sites offer numerous other items as well that can further increase the ease of use.Another thing that many online sites offer is help. Instead of simply purchasing a book, the student can get help on how to use the material as well as its proper use . This is something that could really help the student decide what to read and when.When people want to purchase things, most of them are concerned with the price - as the last thing they want to do is pay for something that does not give them the desired results. However, there are still a lot of options when it comes to researching the topic. For the average person, however, buying research papers online is a more affordable option.There are many advantages to using online sources for research papers. This is definitely one of the most common forms of purchasing these materials. There are a few disadvantages to buying them online, however.

Yanzhou Bids Cas - 1413 Words

Yanzhou Bids for Felix Resources Case Study 1. When should stockholders doubt their own company’s support of a friendly acquisition? With a friendly acquisition takeover the firm chooses to make a public offer that is equally accepted by the board when all the terms are agreed upon, which will also need the approval of regulators and also shareholders. The key parameter that drives a deal and is also the key concern for both seller and buyer is known as valuation. There have been a large number of researchers that have studied the effects that have occurred with company takeovers on value with not only on bidder firms, but also the target. From the research done it has shown that stockholders of the target firms end up having a†¦show more content†¦Mandating that the coal be sold at an arm’s length basis according to international benchmarks is reasonable. This will ensure the coal is sold at fair market value, and will prevent China from benefiting unduly and taking advantage of the Chinese ownershi p interest in Yancoal. The requirement to list shares of the Australian Stock Exchange and have at least 30% of the shares available for sale will ensure that the company remains publicly-held and not closely-controlled by Chinese ownership stakes. Conversely, the stipulation that Yancoal be staffed primarily by Australian managers and sales force is an area that has the potential to limit Yancoal in such a way that is detrimental to overall operations. The previous stipulations primarily ensure that the Australian government can maintain a necessary level of oversight, while this stipulation potentially interferes with Yancoal’s ability to staff key position with the most qualified personnel. China is one of Yancoal’s primary coal consumers, and Chinese talent will be able to offer valuable knowledge of the local business customs and customer needs, servicing the market in a more meaningful, competitive style than Australian employees may be able to do. This also eliminates Yancoal’s ability to bring in talent from around the globe that can offer a skill set which provides a competitive advantage. Global giant Google realized that they made exactly this mistake by mandating that all management personne l

4 Blogging Tips That Will Help You Produce a Capital Essay

Every student yearns to be a master at writing. Turning in a capital essay, watching the professor’s eyes drift over it wistfully, getting a big, enthusiastic A+ at the top of the paper – it is the stuff of academic dreams. But, sometimes students give up their dreams after one unpleasant experience. Often, we’re tempted to think that it is impossible to learn everything that should be included in a great paper, but that’s not actually the truth. If you are willing to practice and brush up on a few tips to succeed, you can learn everything you need without even making a lot of efforts. Here are some simple tips from the blogging world to help you become a better academic writer (and get that A+ of your dream). 1. Use Pictures in Context No matter how attractive or informative the image is; without text to explain its usage, it simply will not seem relevant. Make sure that the text by your picture clearly supports it not only within the context of your paper, but also within the context of the section in which you’ve chosen to include it. You have to make sure that you have chosen a stock photo or copyright-free image. While your professor may not recognize an image taken from a random website, there is always the chance that they will check. With the hundreds of incredible free photos you can legally use online, don’t risk to take a picture you don’t have permission to use. 2. Get to the Point When you are writing a blog post, you have to get right to the relevant material from the beginning. When you have to put your post into 500-1000 words, you do not have to waste any time on rambling sentences or irrelevant details. No tangents, no getting sidetracked, and no navel-gazing for bloggers! Students could make their papers as easily readable as a blog post, even if the length of the paper will be a little longer. 3. Develop a Voice That Is Conversational While you are not going to use slang, crack jokes, or share personal details about your life in most academic writing, you are going to have a much more readable paper when you do not sound stuck-up. Try reading blogs of well-established businesses for an example. They are never overly casual, but you also won’t feel like you’re reading an inaccessible tome.   Once you’ve chosen a voice for your paper, stick to it – you don’t want to be the reader’s friend at one moment and their octogenarian professor the next one. You will create a capital essay when you will master a consistent voice. 4. Know Your Reader Think about how much your professor already knows about the subject and go from there. If you’re taking a class on Shakespeare, there’s no need to provide your teacher with the date of Shakespeare’s birth or the plot of Romeo and Juliet. He/she already knows it, believe us. If you start with details that are common knowledge in a specialized class, you will seem amateurish. Similarly, no food blogger, worth their salt, would start a recipe for spaghetti carbonara by telling the readers how to boil water. If you are not sure about some details, give a brief overview without covering them; it would be much better than someone will call you on the improper information. Do not fall apart since you can’t use any interesting information in your paper, or some slanguage, as you can use a lot of other items that will catch the readers. Learn them and enjoy your dealing with the papers.

Public Opinion On Youth Violence And The Increment Of...

Despite negative public opinion regarding youth violence and the increment of youth offences, the Canadian judiciary has unequivocally supported the rehabilitative and re-integrative approach of the YCJA in plethora of cases discussed below. The situation is fostered because this rehabilitative approach seems to be uniformly shared amongst most of the provinces, notably, in less violent cases or violent cases involving first time offenders. However, sentencing has mostly differed in cases involving serious violent offences like murder etc. especially because of the existence of youth prior records relating to violent offences along with psychological assessment on the probabilities of recidivism. These factors support incarceration as†¦show more content†¦Section 39(1) (a) of the YCJA, which represents one of the four gateways to a custodian sentence, provides that â€Å"[a] youth court shall not commit a young person to custody unless†¦ (a) the young person has commit ted a violent offence.† The Court of Appeal, in a separate decisions, upheld both the sentences, holding that the sentencing judges did not err when they determined that C.D.’s arson to property offence and C.D.K’s dangerous driving offence were â€Å"violent offences† within the meaning of s. 39(1) (a). While allowing the appeal, and appreciating the fact that the term â€Å"violent offence† has a spectrum of meanings and that it can be applied to property as well as to persons, held, that in the context of YCJA the term â€Å"violent offence† should be narrowly construed. The Court based its decision on the object and scheme of the YCJA, and the intention of the Parliament in enacting the same. The Court observed â€Å"that the YCJA was designed, in part, to reduce over-reliance on custodial sentences for young offenders. Moreover, where two interpretations affect the liberty of an accused, the one more favourable to the accused should be adopted. A narrow interpretation of â€Å"violent offence† means that the definition must exclude pure property crimes. The Court further noted that a harm-based definition of â€Å"violent offence† is preferable to a force based definition because it avoids the flaws associated with a

Pharmacology of Cardiac Disease

Question: Pathophysiology and Pharmacology of Cardiac Disease ? Answer: Introducation: Ischaemic Heart Disease-A Cardio-Vascular disease and its risk factors: Cardio-vascular diseases have drawn the attention of medical experts for last few years. Ischaemic Heart Disease is one of the most common and fatal heart problems globally. The Australian government invested $4518 million in the year 2008-09 for the treatment of this disease (Cardiovascular diseases top Australian health care spending (AIHW), 2017). Sometimes it becomes more critical to handle the cardio-vascular diseases as it is related or combined with other diseases. As for example, Amanda is suffering from high blood pressure and constriction of blood vessels. On the other hand, James has atherosclerosis. Thus, both the patient has an increased chance for Ischaemic Heart Disease. Here the detailed pathophysiologys of their current condition and relating Ischaemic Heart Disease risk factors, pharmacological treatments that will be useful for Amanda and James have been discussed with some relevant points. According to Mann, Zipes, Libby Bonow (2014), the cardio-vascular disease may be referred as the condition in which vessels and arteries get affected, blood clots and sometimes some internal structural problem occur. The heart needs adequate blood circulation to supply oxygen. The heart muscles can pump blood to the whole body through the coronary arteries. Regarding physiology, the condition of Amanda may be defined as the high blood pressure caused by vascular constriction, where blood flow in heart decreases. Vascular constriction in heart will increase the blood pressure, but on the other hand decreases the flow of blood as blood turns away to other lesser resistant areas (Okuyama H, 2017). Amanda is a patient of high blood pressure, and it indicates the greater possibility to be affected by Ischaemic heart disease. "Athero" means plaque, whereas "sclerosis" means hardening. Atherosclerosis is the condition where plaque accumulates inside the arteries of the heart. Thus, Oxygen-rich blood gets restriction to reach in rest of the body parts and also inside the heart itself. Slowly the plaques become harden, and the arteries become narrower, which restrict the blood circulation through it. Thus, the blood-circulation of the heart of James is not proper. When the plaque inside the arteries ruptures, it causes luminal thrombosis which is responsible for acute coronary symptom and may lead to sudden death. As opined by Finegold, Asaria Francis (2013), Atherosclerosis can cause several serious problems including stroke, heart attack, and Ischemic Heart Disease. James is suffering from this problem and has a greater risk of Ischaemic heart disease. A brief overview and pathophysiology of Ischaemic Heart Disease: Ischaemic heart disease is a disease where the supply of blood becomes reduced due to the abnormal condition of heart arteries such as narrower heart arteries. As opined by Del Brutto et al., (2014), it may lead to several serious problems such as heart attacks, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and stable angina. This disease is also known as coronary-artery disease. Figure 1: Healthy Coronary artery and Narrower Coronary artery condition Source: (Foundation, 2017) Fatty acids accumulate on the inner sides or inner walls of the arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood. This accumulation can occur over several years. When the plaque becomes hardened, the elasticity of the arteries get reduced (Department of Health | Cardiovascular disease, 2017). The narrow and hardened arteries restrict the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. This cause myocardial cell starvation of oxygen thus heart cannot function properly. Improper vasoconstriction of arteries cause decrease in blood flow through it and leads to ischemia. Reduced release of the endothelial vasodilators also causes improper functionality of coronary arteries especially during stress. Dysfunctions of endothelial portion in atherosclerotic coronary arteries lead to improper vascular constriction and deprivation of regular antithrombotic defenses. This causes overwhelming of endogenous antithrombotic mechanisms. Previously atherosclerotic or narrowed coronary arteries which become severely con gested by emerging thrombus, can leads to stable angina and Ischaemic heart disease. Another condition related with Ischaemic heart disease is Inflammation of coronary arteries due to vasculitic syndrome. In the case of Amanda, as it can be firmly said that hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the significant risk factors for Ischaemic heart disease, so the blood pressure needs to be maintained under 140/90 mmHg for primary prevention of Ischaemic heart disease (Del Brutto et al., 2014). As James is suffering from atherosclerosis, thus, the arteries of the heart of this patient are already narrower than normal patient due to plaque accumulation. Thus, it can be firmly said that James is easily prone to Ischaemic heart disease. Pharmacology treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease: In order to treat Ischaemic heart disease, several types of medicines or therapies is used which is described as follows: (1) Organic nitrates such as isosorbidedinitrate, isosorbidemononitrate which are used to treat this disease as it relaxes the muscles of the heart and improve blood circulation. (2) The current study reveals the fact that Beta blockers such as propranolol, timolol, atenolol and much more and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, amlodipine and much more are used alone or combining with ACE inhibitors, as it reduces oxygen consumption and cardiac work. The physiological effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine (catecholamines) regulated by some specific beta-adrenergic and alpha adrenergic receptors (Foundation, 2017). Beta blockers inhibit catecholamines from binding with those receptors. (3) Statins are also used to treat this heart problem as this is helpful to reduce cholesterol level of blood. It acts as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Statins cause 60% reduction in a number of cardiac attacks (Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, 2017). Ischemic heart disease also occurs due to the increased cholesterol levels. Statins are used to reduce the Cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia. Statins are the HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors. (4) As opined by Mann, Zipes, Libby Bonow (2014), Aspirin is used as an anti-platelet drug which can be used as it decrease the chance of myocardial infarction mainly for men but not an ideal option for women as it may cause bleeding from the stomach. Amanda as a patient of high blood pressure and vascular constriction needs both primary and secondary prevention from Ischaemic heart disease. The treatment of this patient should be based on beta blockers in combination with ACE inhibitors. If the patient cannot tolerate beta blockers, then verapamil can be used. Thus in case of Amanda, special attention should be given if aspirin has to be used. Moreover, it should be remembered that according to the epidemiological study of Finegold, Asaria Francis (2013), the mortality rate due to Ischaemic heart disease is much higher for the patients with high blood pressure. James as a patient of atherosclerosis needs special attention of medical experts. The patient needs a better control on his cholesterol level of blood because cholesterol is one of the main substances of plaque formation. In this perspective, statins should be used by James with proper attention and guidance as statins have been reported to inhibit the Vitamin K2 synthesis which is a co-factor of activation of matrix Gla- protein. This Gla- protein reduces calcification inside arteries. Thus, statins may be ineffective (Finegold, Asaria Francis, 2013). It can be clearly said that high blood pressure, vascular constriction and atherosclerosis both are prominent risk factors for Ischaemic heart disease. They should follow the medical practitioners advice, lead a healthy lifestyle, healthy diet and should be careful when choosing the medication as they are already suffering from cardio-vascular problems (Okuyama H, 2017). Pharmacological aspects should be considered case wise as Amanda and James are suffering from two different health problems. Reference List: Cardiovascular diseases top Australian health care spending (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/media-release-detail/?id=60129546452 Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. (2017).Healthdirect.gov.au. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coronary-heart-disease-and-atherosclerosis Del Brutto, O. H., Peaherrera, E., Ochoa, E., Santamara, M., Zambrano, M., Del Brutto, V. J. (2014). Door?to?door survey of cardiovascular health, stroke, and ischemic heart disease in rural coastal Ecuadorthe Atahualpa Project: methodology and operational definitions.International journal of stroke,9(3), 367-371. Department of Health | Cardiovascular disease. (2017).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/chronic-cardio Finegold, J. A., Asaria, P., Francis, D. P. (2013). Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations.International journal of cardiology,168(2), 934-945. Foundation, T. (2017).Coronary heart disease CHD.The Heart Foundation. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/your-heart/heart-conditions/coronary-heart-disease-CHD Mann, D. L., Zipes, D. P., Libby, P., Bonow, R. O. (2014).Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. Okuyama H, e. (2017).Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25655639

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo free essay sample

From the early challenges to religious freedom in Massachusetts to the broken treaties and systematic removal of Native Americans from their land to the abominable practice of slavery in the United States, our nation’s reality rarely measures up to the principles and ideals penned by the founding fathers in the Declaration of Independence and The Bill of Rights. The story for Mexican-Americans is no different. The annexations of Texas in 1845 and the Mexican Cession in 1848 make evident the bulldozing efforts of the dominant Anglo culture to fulfill its â€Å"Manifest Destiny,† in spite its own declarations that â€Å"all men are created equal† and that the United States is a nation that believes in the personal freedoms of life, speech, property and religion. Confronted by the reality of Manifest Destiny and annexation, the new Mexican-Americans resisted the unjust domination of the U. S. Government and its citizens and challenged the broken promises of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. We will write a custom essay sample on Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social banditry, the secret and nocturnal resistance of Las Gorras Blancas and their involvement in the newspaper La Voz del Pueblo and political party Partido del Pueblo Unido were different expressions of the Mexican response to the injustices they experienced by the United States and its Anglo citizens. BACKGROUND In the spring of 1848, the congresses of the United States and Mexico ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo thereby ending the Mexican- American War and finally settling the two nations’ tenuous border dispute over Texas. This book contains a great theoretical background to social banditry and the social conditions that encourage it. Machado, Manuel A. (1978). Listen Chicano! An Informal History of the Mexican-American. Chicago: Nelson Hall. This book contains information about different expressions of resistance against the Euro American expansion in to Latin America and is communicated through a Chicano perspective. Paz, Ireneo. (2001). Life and adventures of the celebrated bandit; Joaquin Murrieta: His exploits in the state of California. Houston: Arte Publico Press. This book is a translation of Paz’ Spanish edition published much earlier. Within the text are primary sources that show the opinions of both the Euro Americans and the Mexican people. Pitt, Leonard. (1966). The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californians, 1846-1890. Berkeley: University of California Press. This book has information on Joaquin Murrietta and the social conditions that led to banditry in California.

Intrinsic Property Definition (Chemistry)

Intrinsic Property Definition (Chemistry) In chemistry, an intrinsic property is a property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance present. Such properties are inherent qualities of the type and form of matter, mainly dependent on chemical composition and structure. Key Takeaways: Intrinsic Property of Matter An intrinsic property is independent of the size of a sample or the amount of matter that is present.Examples of intrinsic properties include density and specific gravity. Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Properties In contrast to intrinsic properties, extrinsic properties are not essential qualities of a material. Extrinsic properties are affected by external factors. Intrinsic and extrinsic properties are closely related to intensive and extensive properties of matter. Examples of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties Density is an intrinsic property, while weight is an extrinsic property. The density of a material is the same, regardless of the conditions. Weight depends on gravity, so it is not a property of matter, but depends on the gravitational field. The crystal structure of a sample of ice is an intrinsic property, while the color of the ice is an extrinsic property. A small sample of ice may appear clear, while a large sample would be blue. Source Lewis, David (1983). Extrinsic Properties. Philosophical Studies. Springer Netherlands. 44: 197–200. doi:10.1007/bf00354100

Educational Theory and Sustainable Education Essay

Educational Theory and Sustainable Education - Essay Example Sustainability problem was first highlighted by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 (the Brundtland Commission). In 1992 the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janiero popularised this term. The emphasis was placed on the integration of thinking and action around ecological, social, political and economic systems. (Educating for a Sustainable Future, 2005) There are two currents which explain the interest in sustainability in the developed world. The first is the economisation of society or ‘finding economic values or indicators for economic and social phenomena.’ The second concerns a revaluation of nature, its transformation into a thing to be managed and controlled. These two currents are represented in ‘sustainable development’ term which exhibits a human desire to dominate over nature and a contradicting, ultimate dependence on its resources. There are many interpretations of sustainability which r equire critical assessment as they serve different social and economic interests. One group focuses on â€Å"sustainable economic growth†, the other – on â€Å"sustainable human development†. The first group does not support the idea of transformation of current social or economic systems while the second calls for a departure from current systems. Education was viewed as the â€Å"greatest resource† to achieve ecological society. Many major international reports see education as a source for sustainable living.

Vietnam and Philippines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vietnam and Philippines - Essay Example While the political elites in the country may not have wished to share their authority and command with other leaders and the populace, this situation was necessitated by the states experience of near starvation in the 80s - a situation that demanded that the political leadership open up to other interest groups for the country’s survival. Philippines on the other hand has a weak state that is characterized by weak social institutions and personalistic presidential politics. The national and central government has massive control over the public and private sectors with power entrenched in oligarchs, their families, and their cronies. Generally, the centralization of government in Philippines has led the country to be less competitive as oligarchs and clans retain control over resources. Even though electoral democracy exists in the Philippines, the country continues to witness systemic corruption and limited economic growth compared to Vietnam which has an authoritarian government. This is the case with the Philippines considering that the social institutions and government bodies that are charged with the responsibility of fighting corruption and putting the government on check are dominated by different clans and oligarchs who are keen on protecting their interests as opposed to performing their duties. The power that the oligarchs, their families, and their cronies wield together with the personalistic politics that characterize the country have seen corruption thrive in the Philippines. This is not the case in Vietnam where the government is decentralized, political leaders have responsibility to their constituents, and provinces have the power to control what is done at the state

The Us-Versus-Them Mentality In 2008’s Presidential Campaign Essay Example for Free

The Us-Versus-Them Mentality In 2008’s Presidential Campaign Essay The graphic novel, Maus, by Art Spiegelman, tells the story of a Polish Jew’s memories of his experience during the Holocaust. Drawn as mice, the Jews have faced a variety of psychological warfare, including xenophobia, scapegoating, dehumanization, and us-vs. -them dichotomy where the terrible events of the Holocaust were justified. The Holocaust was one of the most terrible events in human history, and decades later, scholars from many branches of academia still strive to understand such a dark historical event. Unfortunately, aspects leading up to the Holocaust still exist in the world today. While few current issues compare in magnitude to that of the Holocaust, such activities such as xenophobia, scapegoating, dehumanization, and divisive, dichotomous thought pervade populations everywhere. Although such negative sentiments always threaten negative results, in the US in the year 2008, one major historical movement and event occurred that promises a possible relief from such a divisive past. This historic movement and event is Barack Obama’s campaign, in which an African American ran for President of the United States and was the victor, becoming the first ever African American president of the country. But the campaign was not free of strife. This paper argues that while dichotomous, â€Å"us vs. them† elements in the year 2008’s presidential campaign were not systematically acted out as they were in the Holocaust, there existed similar instances of that mentality during the campaign timeframe. In the past decade, partisanship has set two major groups of Americans at odds with each other in the form of Democrat vs. Republicans. However, this past presidential campaign, or even in the past decade, the fever pitch of â€Å"us vs. them† has not escaped many people, and â€Å"Democrat† or â€Å"Republican† began to be expressed in layers of differences. Chuck Raasch of USAToday reports that: Americans fought a terrible civil war on all three fronts. A century later, Northerners saw Southerners as oppressors during struggles over civil rights, and Southerners viewed Northerners as meddlers. Even the Inside the Beltway label continues a deeply rooted, us-versus-them mentality of the nations capital. Despite the elevation of a black man and a white woman to the Democratic and Republican presidential tickets, respectively, the election of 2008 has played often to those divides. In her article Unleashed, Palin Makes a Pit Bull Look Tame, Dana Milbank of the Washington Post describes the crowd’s response, [who were] â€Å"waving thunder sticks and shouting abuse. Others hurled obscenities at a camera crew. One Palin supporter shouted a racial epithet at an African American sound man for a network and told him, Sit down, boy (p. A03). † While divisive expressions such as these seem far away from the Holocaust, one must consider Peter Suedfeld’s words regarding the genesis of anti-Semitism in the time before the Holocaust: Sherif et al. (1961/1988) demonstrated how leaders, by framing situations in terms of intergroup competition, can produce hostility and aggressive behaviour between component groups. We can see the workings of an ingrained us-vs-them mentality in experimental minimal groups (Tajfel et al. , 1971), which are composed in a completely arbitrary way and whose members never even meet each other (3). This explanation could very well describe the actions of leaders in political parties as well as group behaviors in response to leaders. Sarah Palin could be seen to â€Å"frame situations† such that â€Å"intergroup competition† occurs, as it does in the Republican furor over the Democrate presidential candidate. Partisanship was not the only exhibition of us-versus-them behavior during the past year. Dedication to one’s country came into question in which the concepts of American versus anti-American were introduced. According to Bob Lonsberry in his article â€Å"What’s Wrong With a Marxist? †, a person who is American is one who sees two irreconcilable extremes between Karl Marx and John Locke, and if a person takes into regard the writings of Karl Marx, then he or she is â€Å"anti-American. † If an American is to be truly American, they must adopt similar ways of thinking in which Marxism, communist, and other similar ontological principles must be absolutely shunned because they repudiate everything America stands for. These sentiments before the Holocaust were similar. In place of anti-Americans were the Jews. Andre Minaeu writes: To the Nazis, all things seriously afflicting Germany and the Aryan race were ultimately Jewish or Jewish-inspired. In this sense, the Jewish people were the quintessential enemy of Nazi totalitarianism. The latter elevated Jewry, so to speak, to the rank of an evil ontological principle against which struggle was to be universal (17). In this sense, anti-Americans are philosophically against everything Americans stand for and should be beaten politically, while Jews represented everything the Nazis stood for, which caused them to become an evil philosophical principle. No other dichotomy is more apparent in both Holocaust and the 2008 presidential campaign than ethnicity. The question of race—and one’s ethnicity—became a large factor due to the mixed-race heritage of Barack Obama. Historically, part of Obama’s ethnicity had been under the awful yoke of slavery and then the struggle of civil rights. One can see this in the words of Martin Luther King, Jr: I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama†¦ little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers (60). The question of Jewsishness—both an ethnicity as well as a belief system—was subject of life and death for six million people during World War II. Historically, Jews have also been slaves, and their ethnicity and religion have played a large role in their struggles in past centuries. Paul Johnson explains this in his book The History of the Jews by quoting Dietrich Bonhoeffer, an ex-prisoner of the Nazis: We have learned to see the great events of world history from below, from the perspective of those who are excluded, under suspicion, ill-treated, powerless, oppressed, and scorned, in short those who suffer (2). It is not a subtle expression in either of these two statements that the writers and speakers felt that their world was divided in groups, and they were the â€Å"them† in the phrase â€Å"us-versus-them. † While the us-versus-them mentality might seem as if it would haunt human interaction for all time, there have always been historical figures who have sought to overcome the divisiveness by seeking common ground. Perhaps the most famous of those is Abraham Lincoln, who spoke these words: A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house to fall but I do expect it will cease to be divided (Lincoln). Martin Luther King, Jr. is another figure who sought to overcome injustice and inequality through nonviolent means. Current scholars are improving and applying techniques for nonviolent conflict resolution (Suedfeld 2006, p. 7). In regards to the Holocaust, there are many studies about the tragedy in many areas of study, from psychology to politics to sociology, as evidenced by the books The Making of the Holocaust: Ideology and Ethics in the Systems Perspective by Andre Mineau and Canadian Psychology addressing Holocaust reverberations fifty years later. Lastly, the end of the 2008 campaign year drew to a close, and Barack Obama has been elected President. While he emerged from one of the two major political parties in the US, his own sentiments in his book The Audacity of Hope strive for a bipartisan rather than a divided approach: Maybe there’s no escaping our great political divide, an endless clash of armies, and any attempts to alter the rules of engagement are futile. Or maybe the trivialization of politics has reached a point of no return, so that most people see it as just one more diversion, a sport†¦ We paint our faces red or blue and cheer our side and boo their side†¦ But I don’t think so. They are out there†¦ those ordinary citizens who have grown up in the midst of all the political and cultural battles, but who have found a way†¦ to make peace with their neighbors, and themselves (pp. 50-51). Violence stemmed from rabid divisiveness is what made the Holocaust so terrible. Therefore, any attempts to heal the us-versus-them mentality would have to be the opposite: peaceful actions that strive to bring humans together. Fortunately, if one could take lessons from Mahatma Ghandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, and Barack Obama, then the possibility that discordant sentiments in the human populace may never take seed. WORKS CITED Johnson, Paul. A History of the Jews. HarperPerennial (1988). King, Jr. , Martin Luther. â€Å"The Dream†. Speech. Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC. 28 August 1963. Lincoln, Abraham. House Divided Speech. Speech. Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858. Milbank, Dana. â€Å"Unleashed, Palin Makes a Pit Bull Look Tame. † Washington Post. October 7, 2008: A03. Minaeu, Andre. The Making of the Holocaust: Ideology and Ethics in the Systems Perspective. Amsterdam; Atlanta, Georgea: Rodopi, 1999.

The Mathematical Aspects of Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland Essay

The Mathematical Aspects of Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland The story Alice in Wonderland was written about a little girl named Alice who was a child of the dean of the Church of Christ. Alice Liddell was the one who convinced Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) to write down the verbal story originally known as "Alice's Adventure Underground".Actually, the book is known by several different names, Alice's Hours in Elfand,Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and Alice in Wonderland.I found it interesting that the Mid-Continent Public Library once listed the book under Lewis Carroll and has recently changed it to Charles L. Dodgson. If one looks on the side of the book, Carroll was actually crossed off and Dodgson written over(Lewis Carroll Biography, The Victorian Web). As I began reading the book Alice in Wonderland, it was very obvious that Lewis Carroll was a logical mathematician.The contemporary math class that I am currently taking has opened a new level of understanding for myself; if I had read the book anytime prior it would have read simply as an unusual child's fairytale.I find it interesting that the book Alice in Wonderland follows the first couple sections of our contemporary math book.I actually see the mathematics behind the story.I never knew that math could be turned into a fairytale(Johnson/Mowry 46-47). The book begins with Alice and her sister sitting by the bank as Alice grows tired.Alice believes she sees a white rabbit running by and decides to run after it.The rabbit jumps into a hole and Alice follows.I believe Lewis Carroll was a very intelligent man and like to state his complex ideas through the use of Alice: "for you see Alice had learned several things of this sort in her lessons in the sch... ...ting effect(Weber,Food ,Drink,and Public Health in the Alice Books). Works Cited Carroll,L.(1952). Alice in Wonderland.Philadelphia Toronto:The John C. Winston Company. Johnson,D.,& Mowry,T.(1988).Mathematics,A Practical Odyssey (3rd ed.). California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Connell, Kate. Opium as a Possible Influence upon the Alice Books: December 1993. Brown University/Victorian Web. July 17,2000 <http://landow.stg.brown.ed/victorian/carroll/aiw14.html. Lewis Carroll: Biography: December 1992. Brown University/Victorian Web. July 17,2000<http//llandow.stg.brown.ed/victorian/carroll/dreamchild/creamchild2.html.> Weber,Anya.Food,Drink,andPublic Health in the Alice Books: December 1995. Brown University/Victorian Web.July18,2000 <http://landow.stg.brown.ed/Victorian/Carroll/weber.html.> Reflection - Alice in Wonderland

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Epigraph was ironically taken from a diet book by Deborah Waterholes which explains the chocolate is a requirement for women! Lexical (word choice) Throughout the text, the author has used a large selection of sensory words which has been used for effect to describe the food. Examples of these sensory words would be words such as â€Å"Mouth-watering' and â€Å"Cinnamon- flavored†. It has been done to create a more effective Genre response from the reader and also to make the simple foods it speaks about seem more luxurious.By using verbs such as â€Å"divine† is creates a more luxurious atmosphere around it and makes it seem much more opulent. The use of the word Glory is very efficacious as it is repeated in the title to make it seem like the chocolate which is being spoken about is so glorious. Which then follows n to the oxymoron in the title Naughty But Nice. Presentational The presentational features all makes it looks like a longer poem then it is because of how spread out it is. It usually has three lines in each stanza which means that it is short.In the first consentingly Glory Be to Chocolate, the words have been printed in italics to symbolism the difference in the poem. Link In the exam I would link text 6 to text 5 because they both discuss in depth the exploration of cross culture and the experiences that could be shared. In text 6 it suggests that he wants his audience to feel as appreciative towards coco beans the way he does as view they re importance just the same. Likewise, in text 5, James Berry is exploring the way in which the Caribbean culture has adapted into the life into London.Attitudes and values The attitudes in this piece towards food are really positive as they think very highly of this food. It is very positive towards not only chocolate but it strongly supports the idea of cross culture and the love of luxurious food. It thinks that people should value food in w way which most people over look, meaning that more people are taking food for granted. Contextual detail This is an extract from the English â€Å"Food Hygiene Regulation 2006† which was put into place to solidify the safety and all laws for all business operators and suppliers e. . Shops, restaurants and etc. In England. These notices were put into place for all establishments to abide by to ensure the safety and protection for all those who use the services. It is the job of the Government to guarantee the safety of the people who are using the services it provides. Extract from Food Hygiene (England Regulations) 2006 This text is an extract from regulations that are set by the government to ensure the requirements are met by all establishments to achieve safety specifically for food.Audience Every company of business who provides a service that sells food egg restaurant, shop, school. This also applies to people who have to enforce these rules upon these types of places. Purpose The point of this text is to have an underst anding of all food being safe for all consumers. It is to inform the audience Of the regulations that the text is enforcing. It is to ensure that all establishments that supply any sort of food or beverage are safe and good enough for consumption. They are to guide ND lead companies into the correct manor and leadership.Because of the nature of text 15, it has many small sections which are labeled by subtitles and then divided by numbers and further subdivided by letters. Each of letters has its own topic and that is why it is separated and labeled. Likewise it has been done this way to make it seem a lot easier to read. Each one of the paragraphs is very short and they all flow from one to the other. It has been laid out this way so that it is easy for the audience to read. It makes it clear and it also makes it visually simple. Additionally, there re that many subjects that it is required for there to be so many paragraphs.

The Salem Witches Real or Imagined - 1289 Words

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Many scholars in Salem believed that witches actually signed away their soul to the devil in return for earthly favors and special powders (history.com). Tituba, an accused slave girl acknowledged this belief, and confessed to have written her name in blood within the devil’s book. She only evaded execution because she saw others also writing their names in the devil’s book. With Tituba still alive, she could identify other potential witches. Soon after the â€Å"bewitched† girls accused the first witch, Tituba, many more followed. 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Impact Of Household Credit On Education - 953 Words

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Essay On Post-Traumatic Disorder In The Things They Carried

Students’ Name: Instructor’s Name: Course Name/Code: Date: Post-Traumatic Disorder in the Things They Carried It is only natural for an individual to have memories over a period following a bad experience such as war, witnessing death, or any other traumatic experiences. However, these memories, manifesting in the form of dreams, flashbacks or thoughts, or feelings may exist in some people for longer periods, and could lead to a mental disorder. 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Metamorphosis Of Narcissus Salvador Dali Essay Example For Students

Metamorphosis Of Narcissus Salvador Dali Essay The painting Metamorphosis of Narcissus was created in 1937 by oil on canvas by Salvador Dali. This painting uses a lot of images to say what it means, for example, a person, a hand, water, a starving dog, a chess board, a canyon or cliff, and people. This is not to fill the paper or distract the viewer from the suggested meaning or point, but to support the idea that hope and despair are reflections of one another; on opposite sides of a coin, spinning in mid-air, waiting to land and fix or destroy everything. The first thing that one thinks upon first seeing it, from far away, is that Dali just painted the same thing twice. From afar, it appears as if he simply cut the canvas down the middle and made one side brown and the other blue, but on closer inspection, one sees that the two sides, although very similar, are nothing alike. On one side, there sits a limp body staring at the reflection of herself in the water that she sinks in. The setting sun glistens off the back of her head, but she just wallows in grim depression and boredom. The canyons trap her in the barren wasteland as she sits motionless, without movement, struggle, or life. This mysterious figure looks so vacant that it might as well be dead. Nothing is happening on this side, so ones attention is directed to the other. On the other side, a blue decaying hand emerges from the ground with ants crawling on it, possibly making their homes in it or finding food on it. Atop this pedestal, rests an egg with a flower sprouting from it. This display of life emerging from the dead is a symbol of hope and beauty. To the left of the hand, a very unhealthy malnourished dog feasts on fresh meat; his salvation is handed to him and he survives. Behind the dog is a chess board with a young man in the middle of it, proudly surveying the battlefield as though it were his kingdom. To his left are people on a road that leads off into the horizon. 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The symbols of this piece despite the misconceptions of its many critics, including those present at the Worlds Fair in the year that the painting was introduced, were clearly defined by Picasso himself. The preliminary sketches of the work began in May of 1937, and was commissioned by the official Republican government of Spain in January of the same year. It was to be displayed in the International Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 International Exhibition, or as it is more popularly known, the Worlds Fair. Picasso was given a large studio in which to conduct his artistic endeavors in partial payment for the work which was being done. .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 , .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .postImageUrl , .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 , .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:hover , .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:visited , .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:active { border:0!important; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:active , .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04 .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u847ef65278dbe872746c1ae4c126cf04:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Metamorphosis EssayPicasso went through many artistic periods throughout his career as an artist, one of which was cubism. In a few ways, Guernica, somewhat broke from the traditional cubism which he had a hand in inventing. The painting makes use of a two dimensional picture plain with all of the objects on the canvas appear flat looking as is dictated by the cubism style. The picture plain is not, however, fractured like many of the previous works which were categorized under the same style. Picassos reason for painting Guernica has been disputed by the many art critics of modern art, but perhaps the most accurate summary is the genius himself. Picasso explained that the work was not specifically about the bombing of Guernica, nor was it specifically about the Spanish Civil War which was the culprit in this destructive incident. It was rather a broad statement about human beings fighting amongst themselves, and the chaos which would ensue should such hateful human relationships be allowed to continue as they had in Guernica, Spain. The organization of the piece was carefully planned in the forty-five preliminary sketches, which obviously concentrated on leading the eye thorough the composition. The objects themselves balance each other well to create a peaceful composition. Picasso makes a conscious effort to emphasize the bull, the horse and the woman in the window as each of these images are important to the symbolic aspect of the graphic depiction of the bombing of Guernica. As one looks at the overall movement in the painting, they get a sense of frozen motion unlike what is typical of the futurism style of composition. The idea that everything came to a sudden halt with no time to come to a real rest. The one piece of evidence contrary to this is the soldiers arm which lays peacefully across the ground. The enormous 138 x 308 canvas was painted using only grey scale colors, which is said to be in co-ordination with the ink of the newspapers which often covered the bombings during the civil unrest in Spain. Picasso uses dominantly blacks and whites using value changes in few areas over the picture plain. He uses line extensively, with almost geometric shapes taking form and leading the eye as can be seen in many of his pre-production sketches. Texture is kept to a minimum in the specific work as it is a very two dimensional art work and as is common of the cubism style. He has made extremely good use of space as nearly the entire canvas is used, while maintaining the balance which is necessary to keep the composition aesthetically pleasing. Among the many symbolic images in the work are a bull, a horse a soldier with a broken sword and a woman looking out of a window with a very concerned look on her face. The broken sword in the soldiers hand, which can be seen at the bottom center of the composition was used to symbolize the broken spirits and the failure to resist on the part of the people. The woman is a symbol of concern for the fighting people by people who have succeeded in being able to see the whole picture. The largest contributing factor to Guernicas overall appeal is the excellent use of symbolism which encourages its audience to think. If ever given the opportunity I would be most interested in seeing the original of this work. I have gained a lot of respect for not only the artistic integrity of this painting, but also for Pablo Picasso as an overall intuitive and creative person.

Mean Girls Essay free essay sample

This movie, Mean Girls, is a very interesting movie that shows that you should always be yourself no matter what people think and no matter what they have to say. A few of the main characters in this movie include Cady Heron, Regina George, Karen Smith, Gretchen Weiners, and Ms. Norbury. All of these characters take part in the high school that the film take place in. The director of this movie is Mark Waters; he is a film director and producer. This movie was published in the year of 2004. This movie contains one type of genre which is the â€Å"Drama† category. This movie runs for approximately 97 minutes. I really enjoyed watching this movie. It is interesting to see how people’s attitudes can change due to one person and a specified reality check. This movie portrays that some of the smallest things can make a big difference within people’s attitudes and personalities. We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Girls Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2004, Cady Heron had to leave her homeschooling and start going to public school. Cady was homeschooled all of her life and didn’t know what it was like to go to school with a bunch of teenagers. Cady lived in Africa her entire life, which was where her parents had a working contract. When she first reached high school, in the first couple of days she met Janice and Damian, who were known in the â€Å"Out Crowd† and completely against the â€Å"Plastics†. The â€Å"Plastics† had three beautiful and popular girls in it, the most popular, Regina, Gretchen, and the least popular of the three, Karen. The â€Å"Plastics† attention was automatically brought to Cady when they noticed how pretty and easily-influenced she would be. But Cady, being unsure about them, kept her friends Janice and Damian. Cady eventually ends up becoming close friends with the â€Å"Plastics† so that she can retrieve their darkest secrets and tell them to Janice and Damian. Little does everyone know, Cady soon starts to turn into a â€Å"Plastic†. When Cady falls for Regina’s ex-boyfriend, Aaron, that soon causes a problem between the two girls and makes Regina snap on the rest of the â€Å"Plastics† which leaves Cady in charge. When the story first begins, it takes place in a high school located in Evanston, Illinois, but the film was also shot in Toronto, Ontario. During most of the Evil plans and evil actions that the â€Å"Plastics† do, the camera was zoomed into their face in order to see their expression. This movie has various camera angles that all support what’s going on in the intense and dramatic scenes. Most of the Dolly shots are found at the end of the movie when they show what happens after the Homecoming dance. As they reach the end of the movie, they start narrating. The costume designers did an amazing job. They dressed the actors appropriately according to the year this movie took place in. The lightning during the speech at the dance makes everything seem more sincere and intense. In my opinion, the two main characters in this film are Cady Heron and Regina George. A majority of the film focuses on their relationship. Regina is the leader of the â€Å"Plastics†. Her nasty attitude towards anyone outside of that group is changed when she meets Cady. Regina was first very nice to Cady because she was very easy to influence and didn’t know much about the crowds in high school. As she sees the way Cady is acting and changing, she realizes that they will no longer get along based on how Cady was acting. Cady and Regina became distant and treated each other as if they didn’t exist. Cady is the new-girl in her high school. In the beginning, Cady cares about nobody but herself, but then realizes that she is making friends, and she tries to look out for them. Once Regina and Cady have a talk, Cady realizes that Regina is really just and evil back-stabber and those from the â€Å"Out Crowd† were completely right. Regina and Cady then treat each other as if they’re worthless. All the actors show a great amount of intensity and passion during the film. You can really see the connection that they really started to have, and that made the movie ten times better and even more interesting. Mean Girls relies on the theme; â€Å"Take me as I am, or watch me as I go.† I think it relies on this theme because at first Cady changed the way she was acting around everyone in order to fit in and seem liked, but it only made her look fake. Cady later on learns that if people aren’t willing to accept her for who she is, than they shouldn’t deserve to be in her life. In my opinion, changing who you are in order to fit in is only hurting yourself because you are not able to stay true to yourself. This movie is amazing, I loved it, and the overall point of the movie changed the way I choose to think about people. I learned that if I don’t really show who I am, I will be hurting myself by not being honest and true to myself, which is giving myself the â€Å"short end of the stick† and hiding my true potential. This movie could bring people together and help them focus on someone’s personality instead of what they look like. In my perspective, this movie really does demonstrate loyalty, trust, and respect, which are very important keys to life.

Activity Based Costing

Activity Based Costing Introduction Activity based costing (ABC) is a widely adopted accounting practice where the cost of making various products and services are based on the companies’ activities (Panda1999, p. 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Activity Based Costing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The costs are specifically allocated to products and services according to the level of consumption of each category but comprehensively, it assigns more indirect costs into direct costs (unlike other conventional accounting practices) (Armstrong 2006, p. 363). The major benefit associated with this accounting technique (ABC) is that a company can be able to specifically know which products and services take up most costs and which are overpriced and less profitable so that a required remedy is developed. Activity based costing basically works by allocating the overall resource costs according to the activities commensurate with the m to the final products and services that are produced by a given company (Armstrong 2006, p. 363). In a more general sense, the technique is basically used to understand a company’s profitability in relation to the costs incurred when producing various goods and services. In this regard, it is important to note that activity based costing has been widely adopted by many organization because it aids in decision-making processes that touch on pricing, outsourcing, identification, and the actual benchmarking of the standards of production of goods and services (Panda1999, p. 5). However, in as much as the activity based costing technique has been beneficial to many organizations; many are also finding it very difficult to implement it. This trend has seen a number of organizations in emerging economies face a number of challenges adopting the technique, despite evidence of incredible success of its implementation in other parts of the world existent in many literature excerpts. Significant challenges have been recorded in areas touching on acceptability, augmentation (with other computer systems in the organization), ensuring the system is of value to the company and its environment (among other challenges) (Liu and Pan 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This study will critically analyze the experiences and challenges of such companies in implementing ABC and how many of them have been able to succeed with this process, while others have openly failed. This will be done through an analysis of two companies (XU JI Electrical Company Limited and Global Electronics Inc) operating in emerging markets. XU JI Electrical Company Limited Though activity based costing has been widely adopted in the Western world, there is still increased skepticism among many companies operating in developing economies of its effectiveness. Such is the situa tion observed in China (Liu and Pan 2007). In fact, Hu (2001) explains that the implementation of Activity based costing in China is still at the theoretical level. This situation can be evidenced in the case of XU JI Electrical Company Limited which is based in China. The company is basically an electronics company that manufactures electronic goods used in the development of public infrastructures like rail. Activity based costing technique was introduced in the company in the year 2001 when there was a strong need to devise methods on how to tackle increased competition in the industry and to employ more efficient accounting techniques for better performance. The initial system was particularly based on the labor-hour absorption rate where costs were allocated across production lines. This system was largely inefficient because it inhibited the company from pursuing competitive pricing strategies. Activity based costing was therefore introduced in the early months of the year 200 9 under the First product department where the main objective for implementing the costing technique was to establish accurate product costing information for purposes of cost control (Liu and Pan 2007). In the implementation of the activity based costing technique, the services of an implementation team was sought, where their primary mandate was to train the existing employees on how to use the system and to build an ABC conceptual model. The latter task was effectively carried out, except for the general administrative and finance expenditures which contributed an overwhelming expenditure of approximately 77% of the entire cost budget. Due to the fact that there was an increased organization structure inhibition, the implementation team decided to develop the ABC conceptual model on the number of employees evidenced in each given activity (as a temporary measure) (Liu and Pan 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Activity Based Costing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this analysis, we can see that the company’s operations in China’s fast-paced business environment posed a challenge in the overall implementation of the ABC model because it was difficult to maintain it on an up-to-date level. In fact, similar research studies point out that many more companies face the same challenges especially in identifying a good cost driver for the application of ABC because some of these cost drivers become obsolete after a given period of time (Liu and Pan 2007). Liu and Pan (2007) further explain that the same situation has been evidenced in a number of Western economies where many companies have had to abandon their ABC implementation processes because of the volatility of the economy. After basing the model on the number of employees, the Activity based costing model had to be computerized where a specific Chinese software was identified for this purpose. However, during the imp lementation process, the lack of experience in dealing with such software augmentation led the company into significant conceptual errors that almost grounded the activities of Activity Based Costing implementation process. The company therefore had to seek the guidance of the activity based costing implementation team manager to asses the situation and provide possible remedies. The team manager did so, and after determining the company’s rationale, the project went on smoothly. The company was therefore able to produce monthly Activity based costing reports but there was a significant challenge in augmenting the ABC software with other computer softwares that were in existence before it. From this analysis, we can see that there is a strong need for technical expertise in the product implementation stage of ABC implementation to tackle functionality and compatibility issues. This fact is also supported by Baker (1998, p. 257) who affirms that the input of technical expertis e is vital in the overall successful implementation of ABC. The technical expertise evidenced in the above scenario was characteristic of the team manager’s input in salvaging the situation (ABC implementation). As regards functionality and compatibility issues, it should be understood that the incompatibility of the ABC system and other computer systems was likely to pose a problem for other staff members in the organization (like in the warehouse division or the finance department) because there normally are instances of increased workloads where the officers have to double-check data added by the frontline managers into the ABC system.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In making the employees and staff receptive to the new ABC system, XU JI Electrical Company Limited decided to adopt the formal feedback session technique (Liu and Pan 2007). This technique was successfully used to show employees the benefits of the system; a process which ultimately led to a lot of satisfaction among the company staff. However, some sense of resentment was observed from the front-line managers who pointed out the demanding nature of inputting data into the system as their biggest cause of concern regarding the system. Nonetheless, after subsequent meetings, there was a growing level of understanding among the managers. A link between ABC implementation and performance measures was identified to be the biggest cause for concern when analyzed in terms of future implementation considerations of the project which was considered to be a future agenda for discussion. From this analysis, we can see that the inclusion of the bottom-level and top-level employees in the impl ementation process was critical to the acceptance of the costing technique. Though there were significant objections coming from front-line managers, there were subsequent discussions aimed at seeking employee buy-in that brought the managers onboard. This analysis shows that constant communication between all stakeholders in the organization is likely to improve the probability that changes will be accommodated in the organization. Global Electronics Inc Global electronics Inc is a company specialized in making power semiconductors for signal processing and power control applications and many of its products are also used in braking antilock systems, airbag systems, computer keyboards, modems and the likes. During the end of the year 1999, the company had experienced a significant dip in sales that caused a lot of tension within the company (as regards the long-term prospects of the company’s sustainability) (Juras 2003, p. 1). To remedy this situation, the company decided t o employ the activity based costing system to uphold the company’s efficiency. In a general sense, the company experienced significant success in implementing the ABC system because its new manager, Chris Richards, had a good background in ABC. This was the first step that could be learnt from the company’s experience in implementing ABC because the company’s new manager brought a lot of technical expertise that could be used in implementing the ABC model. In a more general sense, this analysis shows that importing beneficial technical expertise is a positive move towards ensuring smooth implementation of ABC. It is also important to note that having someone with a significant experience about the implementation of ABC, spearheading the process, is also a good move for the company. It was also observed that the education about the new model (ABC) and the task of wrapping management’s thoughts around the new model was still attributed to him (Chris Richard s, the new manager). Basically, management’s buy-in could be attributed to his influence. This analysis is important to organizations that experience problems getting management to adopt to new changes in the organization. More essentially, it is important to note that having someone with considerable experience regarding ABC, in the managerial team is a plus towards getting the overall managerial team to accept changes in the organization. Another reason for the smooth implementation of the model was attributed to the company’s operating capacity. The company‘s director of manufacturing (cited in Juras 2003, p. 2) affirmed that: â€Å"The number one thing we had going for us was an urgency factor. I truly believe people would not have given us the time of day with respect to ABC if we were making 10 percent return on sales. Having operating losses of $100 million causes people to listen†. Moreover, in successfully implementing the ABC model, a steering co mmittee which encompassed most members of all the company’s departments was quickly formed. The members came from finance committees, product engineering, operations management, and other functional teams of the organization, but extra assistance was also sought from external organizations to enable the company effectively implement the ABC model (Juras 2003, p. 2). The move to include members from various departments of the organization ensured that the steering committee was holistic, in terms of member contribution because all the departmental members represented most functional areas of the organization. It is also important to note the input of the steering committee in the implementation of the ABC model because it played a vital role in the entire process. The steering committee basically went ahead to define the tasks of each company plant department, assign the resource costs to the specific activities, and determine the activity drivers, among other technical areas of the ABC implementation model (it is important to note that all functional managers of the organization gave support to the steering committee) (Juras 2003, p. 1). From this analysis, we can see that having a steering committee was quite vital to the successful implementation of the ABC model, considering the above tasks are key in the design stage of implementing the ABC model (Salvendy 2001, p. 2319). It is therefore vital for organizations that have a problem going past the design stage of the ABC model to have a steering committee that specializes on moderating the tasks to be covered at this stage. It was also confirmed by Global Electronics’ manager that setting short-term goals during the implementation of the ABC model was essential in ensuring the process implementation process was smooth (Juras 2003, p. 3). The short-term goals set for the implementation of the ABC model was meant to improve the product cost accuracy and optimize the company’s product mix. A long-term objective was also established, and it was meant to transit the company into a long-term activity based costing management criterion. This is also another pointer that can be borrowed by organizations which have a problem implementing the ABC model because quite a number fail to understand the short-term and long-term goals of implementing ABC in the first place. Having clearly set short-term and long-term goals is therefore vital to the overall implementation of the ABC model because it steers the organization into the right direction during implementation. Integrating the new ABC model with other existent systems was also a tricky affair for the company, but it successfully managed to undertake the ABC model in an offline manner where the system was managed separately from the previously existing labor-based standard costing system. In the same manner, the new model was also managed separately from the financial reporting system. However, it was quite tricky for the co mpany to maintain the offline system because there were issues of employee behavior, and other issues arising from previous negative experiences learnt from the PUC process that the company engaged in. Part of this problem was summarized by Juras (2003) that: â€Å"The problem with a non integrated approach, even though it is certainly a lot simpler and less risky, is how do you affect behavior?For example, you cant run the marketing organization based upon achieving some desired gross margin when they are relying upon bogus costs to push the stuff that you dont want them to be pushing.But, how do you motivate these people to go after the right set of products if youve got a bunch of accountants sitting over here who have knowledge derived from some offline system that nobody else is aware of?† (p. 3). This experience showed that despite the fact that the company had a remedy to solve the problem of implementing the ABC model; it still experienced significant challenges in su staining the strategy for long. The biggest cause for this problem can be attributed to the fact that the organization failed to include the behavioral aspect of implementing this strategy. From this analysis therefore, we can observe that the failure to include the behavioral considerations of implementing the ABC model in the organization can eventually render the whole strategy useless. Comprehensively, the ABC implementation process went on as planned and fell within a nine-month schedule, but this smooth transition could be attributed to including activities within the cost model that bore a strong influence to strategic product pricing and mix decisions (Juras 2003, p. 3). The inclusion of a centralized project team also contributed a lot to the coordination of activities that were done in the implementation process. This team was quite crucial in ensuring a sense of consistency was observed within all plants. It is also identified that the top-bottom approach of implementing the ABC model was deemed appropriate because such a model was basically aimed at making lower-level employees understand the benefits of the ABC model. Moreover, it was identified that the ABC model was essentially hatched at the company’s headquarters and it was the duty of management to push the idea down to lower-level managers and employees (regardless of their personal decisions) (Juras 2003, p. 3). Interestingly, the move by the company’s project team to educate the plant manager was criticized by the company’s manager as ineffective because of the assertion that: â€Å"When we went to the plants to do training, it was like a whirlwind tour; we just showed them some charts and said, now sit down and we are going to ask you some questions.I dont think we put ourselves in our internal customers shoes. We paid very little attention to their constructive concerns or their need to truly understand ABC†. Conclusion This study points out the challenges and successes of implementing ABC by two companies operating in emerging markets. Comprehensively, we see that firms in emerging markets have a significant problem in accepting ABC because it is not a previously implemented model. Having a steering committee and seeking the services of an external agency (with a significant experience in ABC implementation) is a good strategy to making existing managerial teams accept changes. We have also seen that there is a significant challenge experienced by the companies in augmenting ABC with previously existing computer applications, and comprehensively, we see that seeking technical expertise in doing so is a good move towards ensuring there is a smooth transition into ABC, without causing any operational hitches. Also, we see that having clearly set goals is an important tool to steer the implementation of the ABC model in the right direction. This observation is critical, in the sense that, many organizations have been identified to abandon ABC implementation because they do not have a clear understanding of the importance of implementing the ABC model in the first place. In a general sense, we can see that adopting a top-bottom implementation strategy is also important in ensuring the ABC mode is implemented effectively. Burke (2006) affirms this fact and implies that the top-bottom implementation strategy is important because the decision to implement an ABC model is normally undertaken at the company’s headquarters and many organizations expect managers to ensure employee buy-in, to make the transition a success. Conclusively, we can say that organizations operating in emerging markets experience challenges of transitioning from old accounting models to ABC and therefore, tactical strategies need to be adopted to ensure there is a smooth transition from old accounting models into new models. References Armstrong, M. (2006) A Handbook Of Management Techniques: A Comprehensive  Guide To Achieving Managerial E xcellence And Improved Decision Making. London, Kogan Page Publishers. Baker, J. (1998) Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Management for Health  Care. London, Jones Bartlett Learning. Burke, L. (2006) CIMA Learning System 2007 Management Accounting Decision  Management. London, Butterworth-Heinemann. Hu, Y.M. (2001) The spontaneous formation and development of ABC, ABM in Chinese Organization. Accounting Research (China), 3, 33–38. Juras, E. (2003) Global Electronics, Inc.: ABC Implementation and the Change  Management Process. (Online) Web. Liu, L.Y.J. and Pan, F. (2007) The implementation of Activity Based Costing in China: An innovation action research approach. The British Accounting Review, 39, 249 264. Panda, N. (1999) Activity Based Costing For Indian Industries. New Delhi, Mittal Publications. Salvendy, G. (2001) Handbook of Industrial Engineering: Technology and Operations  Management. London, Wiley-IEEE.